Chapter 4 Multiple Choice and Essay
  • 1. According to John Dalton's observations, when elements combine in a compound,
A) each element contributes an equal number of atoms.
B) their masses are always equal.
C) the ratio of their masses is always the same.
D) their volumes are always equal.
  • 2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence for which of the following?
A) Gold is not as dense as previously thought.
B) Negative and positive charges are spread evenly throughout an atom.
C) Alpha particles have a positive charge.
D) There is a dense, positively charged mass in the center of an atom.
  • 3. In an atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is
A) spread evenly throughout an atom.
B) located in the space outside the nucleus.
C) concentrated in the center of an atom.
D) concentrated at multiple sites in an atom.
  • 4. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) neutron
B) proton
C) electron
  • 5. Which statement about subatomic particles is true?
A) Unlike protons or neutrons, electrons have no mass.
B) An electron has far less mass then either a proton or a neutron.
C) Neutrons have no charge and no mass.
D) Protons, neutrons, and electrons all have about the same mass.
  • 6. Which of the following is unique for any given element?
A) the mass of the neutron
B) the number of protons
C) the number of neutrons
D) the charge on the electrons
  • 7. The number of protons in one atom of an element is the element's
A) charge
B) mass number
C) atomic number
D) isotope
  • 8. To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract
A) atomic number from electron number
B) mass number from atomic number
C) atomic number from mass number
D) isotope number from atomic number
  • 9. In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move
A) like planets orbiting the sun.
B) like beach balls on water waves.
C) like popcorn in a popper.
D) like balls rolling down a hill.
  • 10. What does the electron cloud model describe?
A) the number of electrons in an atom
B) the most likely locations of electrons in an atom
C) the precise location of electrons in an atom
D) the mass of the electrons in the atom
  • 11. Which statement about alkali metals is correct?
A) the are extremely nonreactive
B) they are located in the left-most column of the periodic table
C) they form negative ions
D) they are usually gases
  • 12. A mole is an SI base unit that describes the
A) mass of a substance
B) volume of a substance
C) amount of a substance
D) electric charge of a substance
  • 13. Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following values increases by exactly one from element to element?
A) atomic number
B) mass number
C) isotope number
D) atomic mass unit
  • 14. The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to
A) the ratio of protons to neutrons in atoms of the element
B) its atomic mass
C) the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element
D) how tightly atoms are packed in the element
  • 15. Which statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18?
A) They have the same mass number
B) their masses are identical
C) They are isotopes of oxygen
D) they do not have the same number of protons
  • 16. In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from
A) column to column
B) group to group
C) row to row
D) element to element
  • 17. Which list of elements contains only metals?
A) helium, carbon, gold
B) phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen
C) sodium, chromium, copper
D) iodine, iron, nickel
  • 18. The usefulness of Mendeleev's periodic table was confirmed by
A) the discovery of subatomic particles.
B) the immediate acceptance by other scientists.
C) the discovery of the nucleus.
D) the discovery of elements with predicted properties.
  • 19. An alkali metal has one valence electron, while an alkaline earth metal has
A) three
B) four
C) none
D) two
  • 20. As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons
A) stays the same
B) decreases
C) increases then decreases
D) increases
  • 21. The standard on which the atomic mass unit is based is the mass of a
A) proton
B) chlorine-35 atom
C) carbon-12 atom
D) neutron
  • 22. The charge on an electron is
A) 0
B) -1
C) +1
D) -2
  • 23. The relative mass of an electron is
A) 1/18
B) 1
C) 0
D) 1/1840
  • 24. Valence electrons determine an atom's
A) chemical properties
B) mass
C) number of neutrons
D) period
  • 25. Ionization refers to the process of
A) losing or gaining electrons
B) changing from one period to another
C) losing or gaining protons
D) changing from lithium into fluorine
  • 26. An atomic mass unit is equal to
A) one-fifteenth the mass of a nitrogen-15 atom
B) one-half the mass of a hydrogen atom
C) one-fourth the mass of a lithium atom
D) one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
  • 27. Which statement about noble gases is correct?
A) they are rare in nature
B) they can form compounds with bright colors
C) They exist as single elements rather than molecules
D) they are highly reactive
  • 28. Semiconductors are elements that
A) can conduct electric current only under certain conditions
B) have large atomic masses but small atomic numbers
C) do not form compounds
D) are extremely hard
  • 29. Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table?
A) on the bottom
B) on the right
C) on the left
D) in the middle
  • 30. Avogadro's constant in defined as the number of particles in
A) one liter of a pure substance
B) one gram of a pure substance
C) one mole of a pure substance
D) one kilogram of a pure substance.
  • 31. How many protons are in an atom of bromine?
A) 79
B) 35
C) 80
D) 172
  • 32. Explain how isotopes affect an element's average atomic mass.
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