2nd 9wks--Benchmark Assessment

1. Mid-ocean ridges are

A) found only in the Pacific Ocean.
B) long deep-ocean trenches.
C) located along the coast.
D) found in all of Earth's ocean's.

2. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth's plates is caused by

A) Earth's magnetic field.
B) convection currents.
C) earthquakes.
D) conduction.

3. A place where two plates slide past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a

A) transform boundary.
B) divergent boundary.
C) convergent boundary.
D) rift valley.

4. S waves are known as

A) primary waves
B) Q waves
C) Surface waves
D) secondary waves

5. What type of earthquake wave can travel through solids, liquids, and gases?

A) p waves.
B) rift valley.
C) surface waves
D) s waves

6. If geologists detect small earthquakes in an area near a volcano, what can they infer about the volcano?

A) It is a good source of energy.
B) It is probably ready to erupt.
C) It is dormant.
D) It is extinct.

7. What does a seismograph record?

A) The vibrations caused by seismic waves.
B) The Mercalli scale rating.
C) The location of the focus.
D) The location of the epicenter.

8. What is the correct order of the Earth's layers (starting at the surface)?

A) crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
B) outer core, mantle, inner core , crust
C) crust, outer core, mantle, inner core
D) mantle, core, crust, inner core

9. Before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called

A) rock.
B) volcanic ash.
C) fire.
D) magma.

10. The place where two plates collide or compress together is known as a

A) transform boundary.
B) rift valley.
C) convergent boundary.
D) divergent boundary.

11. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as

A) conduction.
B) subduction.
C) convention.
D) continental drift.

12. During sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts

A) at the north and south poles.
B) along the edges of the coast.
C) along the edge of the continents.
D) along mid-ocean ridges.

13. The type of seismic waves that occur first are called

A) p waves.
B) q waves.
C) surface waves.
D) s waves.

14. A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary forms

A) valleys.
B) trenches.
C) mountains.
D) rifts.

15. The geological theory that states that pieces of the Earth's lithosphere are in constant, slow motion is the theory of

A) subduction.
B) boundary.
C) sea-floor spreading
D) plate tectonics.

16. Geologists cannot yet predict earthquakes because

A) they don't know what an earthquake is.
B) they have too much data.
C) there are too many faults to monitor.
D) they can't be sure of when or where the stress will be released along the fault.

17. What is Pangaea?

A) the name of the supercontinent that is believed to have existed millions of years ago.
B) name of a continent.
C) the name of an ancient fossil.
D) the name of a scientist.

18. Earth's INNER core is

A) layer of hot magma.
B) a dense ball of iron and nickel.
C) a layer of cooled rock.
D) empty.

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