Chapter 4 Multiple Choice and Essay
  • 1. According to John Dalton's observations, when elements combine in a compound,
A) the ratio of their masses is always the same.
B) their masses are always equal.
C) each element contributes an equal number of atoms.
D) their volumes are always equal.
  • 2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence for which of the following?
A) Negative and positive charges are spread evenly throughout an atom.
B) Alpha particles have a positive charge.
C) There is a dense, positively charged mass in the center of an atom.
D) Gold is not as dense as previously thought.
  • 3. In an atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is
A) spread evenly throughout an atom.
B) concentrated in the center of an atom.
C) concentrated at multiple sites in an atom.
D) located in the space outside the nucleus.
  • 4. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) proton
B) electron
C) neutron
  • 5. Which statement about subatomic particles is true?
A) An electron has far less mass then either a proton or a neutron.
B) Protons, neutrons, and electrons all have about the same mass.
C) Neutrons have no charge and no mass.
D) Unlike protons or neutrons, electrons have no mass.
  • 6. Which of the following is unique for any given element?
A) the number of neutrons
B) the mass of the neutron
C) the number of protons
D) the charge on the electrons
  • 7. The number of protons in one atom of an element is the element's
A) isotope
B) mass number
C) charge
D) atomic number
  • 8. To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract
A) atomic number from mass number
B) mass number from atomic number
C) atomic number from electron number
D) isotope number from atomic number
  • 9. In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move
A) like planets orbiting the sun.
B) like beach balls on water waves.
C) like popcorn in a popper.
D) like balls rolling down a hill.
  • 10. What does the electron cloud model describe?
A) the mass of the electrons in the atom
B) the precise location of electrons in an atom
C) the number of electrons in an atom
D) the most likely locations of electrons in an atom
  • 11. Which statement about alkali metals is correct?
A) they are located in the left-most column of the periodic table
B) the are extremely nonreactive
C) they are usually gases
D) they form negative ions
  • 12. A mole is an SI base unit that describes the
A) volume of a substance
B) electric charge of a substance
C) mass of a substance
D) amount of a substance
  • 13. Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following values increases by exactly one from element to element?
A) isotope number
B) mass number
C) atomic number
D) atomic mass unit
  • 14. The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to
A) the ratio of protons to neutrons in atoms of the element
B) the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element
C) how tightly atoms are packed in the element
D) its atomic mass
  • 15. Which statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18?
A) They are isotopes of oxygen
B) they do not have the same number of protons
C) their masses are identical
D) They have the same mass number
  • 16. In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from
A) column to column
B) row to row
C) group to group
D) element to element
  • 17. Which list of elements contains only metals?
A) sodium, chromium, copper
B) phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen
C) iodine, iron, nickel
D) helium, carbon, gold
  • 18. The usefulness of Mendeleev's periodic table was confirmed by
A) the immediate acceptance by other scientists.
B) the discovery of subatomic particles.
C) the discovery of the nucleus.
D) the discovery of elements with predicted properties.
  • 19. An alkali metal has one valence electron, while an alkaline earth metal has
A) three
B) two
C) none
D) four
  • 20. As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons
A) stays the same
B) decreases
C) increases then decreases
D) increases
  • 21. The standard on which the atomic mass unit is based is the mass of a
A) neutron
B) chlorine-35 atom
C) carbon-12 atom
D) proton
  • 22. The charge on an electron is
A) -2
B) +1
C) -1
D) 0
  • 23. The relative mass of an electron is
A) 1/18
B) 1
C) 1/1840
D) 0
  • 24. Valence electrons determine an atom's
A) period
B) chemical properties
C) mass
D) number of neutrons
  • 25. Ionization refers to the process of
A) losing or gaining protons
B) losing or gaining electrons
C) changing from one period to another
D) changing from lithium into fluorine
  • 26. An atomic mass unit is equal to
A) one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
B) one-fifteenth the mass of a nitrogen-15 atom
C) one-fourth the mass of a lithium atom
D) one-half the mass of a hydrogen atom
  • 27. Which statement about noble gases is correct?
A) they are rare in nature
B) They exist as single elements rather than molecules
C) they are highly reactive
D) they can form compounds with bright colors
  • 28. Semiconductors are elements that
A) have large atomic masses but small atomic numbers
B) can conduct electric current only under certain conditions
C) do not form compounds
D) are extremely hard
  • 29. Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table?
A) on the right
B) on the bottom
C) on the left
D) in the middle
  • 30. Avogadro's constant in defined as the number of particles in
A) one kilogram of a pure substance.
B) one gram of a pure substance
C) one mole of a pure substance
D) one liter of a pure substance
  • 31. How many protons are in an atom of bromine?
A) 35
B) 80
C) 79
D) 172
  • 32. Explain how isotopes affect an element's average atomic mass.
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