Chapter 4 Multiple Choice and Essay
  • 1. According to John Dalton's observations, when elements combine in a compound,
A) each element contributes an equal number of atoms.
B) their volumes are always equal.
C) the ratio of their masses is always the same.
D) their masses are always equal.
  • 2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence for which of the following?
A) Gold is not as dense as previously thought.
B) There is a dense, positively charged mass in the center of an atom.
C) Alpha particles have a positive charge.
D) Negative and positive charges are spread evenly throughout an atom.
  • 3. In an atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is
A) spread evenly throughout an atom.
B) located in the space outside the nucleus.
C) concentrated at multiple sites in an atom.
D) concentrated in the center of an atom.
  • 4. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) electron
B) neutron
C) proton
  • 5. Which statement about subatomic particles is true?
A) Protons, neutrons, and electrons all have about the same mass.
B) An electron has far less mass then either a proton or a neutron.
C) Neutrons have no charge and no mass.
D) Unlike protons or neutrons, electrons have no mass.
  • 6. Which of the following is unique for any given element?
A) the number of protons
B) the mass of the neutron
C) the charge on the electrons
D) the number of neutrons
  • 7. The number of protons in one atom of an element is the element's
A) mass number
B) charge
C) isotope
D) atomic number
  • 8. To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract
A) mass number from atomic number
B) isotope number from atomic number
C) atomic number from electron number
D) atomic number from mass number
  • 9. In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move
A) like beach balls on water waves.
B) like balls rolling down a hill.
C) like popcorn in a popper.
D) like planets orbiting the sun.
  • 10. What does the electron cloud model describe?
A) the number of electrons in an atom
B) the precise location of electrons in an atom
C) the most likely locations of electrons in an atom
D) the mass of the electrons in the atom
  • 11. Which statement about alkali metals is correct?
A) they are located in the left-most column of the periodic table
B) the are extremely nonreactive
C) they are usually gases
D) they form negative ions
  • 12. A mole is an SI base unit that describes the
A) mass of a substance
B) amount of a substance
C) volume of a substance
D) electric charge of a substance
  • 13. Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following values increases by exactly one from element to element?
A) atomic mass unit
B) mass number
C) atomic number
D) isotope number
  • 14. The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to
A) how tightly atoms are packed in the element
B) its atomic mass
C) the ratio of protons to neutrons in atoms of the element
D) the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element
  • 15. Which statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18?
A) they do not have the same number of protons
B) They are isotopes of oxygen
C) their masses are identical
D) They have the same mass number
  • 16. In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from
A) row to row
B) element to element
C) column to column
D) group to group
  • 17. Which list of elements contains only metals?
A) helium, carbon, gold
B) iodine, iron, nickel
C) phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen
D) sodium, chromium, copper
  • 18. The usefulness of Mendeleev's periodic table was confirmed by
A) the discovery of elements with predicted properties.
B) the immediate acceptance by other scientists.
C) the discovery of subatomic particles.
D) the discovery of the nucleus.
  • 19. An alkali metal has one valence electron, while an alkaline earth metal has
A) four
B) three
C) none
D) two
  • 20. As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons
A) increases
B) increases then decreases
C) decreases
D) stays the same
  • 21. The standard on which the atomic mass unit is based is the mass of a
A) neutron
B) proton
C) carbon-12 atom
D) chlorine-35 atom
  • 22. The charge on an electron is
A) 0
B) +1
C) -2
D) -1
  • 23. The relative mass of an electron is
A) 1/18
B) 0
C) 1
D) 1/1840
  • 24. Valence electrons determine an atom's
A) mass
B) chemical properties
C) number of neutrons
D) period
  • 25. Ionization refers to the process of
A) changing from one period to another
B) losing or gaining electrons
C) changing from lithium into fluorine
D) losing or gaining protons
  • 26. An atomic mass unit is equal to
A) one-fifteenth the mass of a nitrogen-15 atom
B) one-half the mass of a hydrogen atom
C) one-fourth the mass of a lithium atom
D) one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
  • 27. Which statement about noble gases is correct?
A) they are highly reactive
B) They exist as single elements rather than molecules
C) they are rare in nature
D) they can form compounds with bright colors
  • 28. Semiconductors are elements that
A) do not form compounds
B) can conduct electric current only under certain conditions
C) have large atomic masses but small atomic numbers
D) are extremely hard
  • 29. Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table?
A) on the right
B) on the bottom
C) in the middle
D) on the left
  • 30. Avogadro's constant in defined as the number of particles in
A) one gram of a pure substance
B) one mole of a pure substance
C) one kilogram of a pure substance.
D) one liter of a pure substance
  • 31. How many protons are in an atom of bromine?
A) 35
B) 80
C) 172
D) 79
  • 32. Explain how isotopes affect an element's average atomic mass.
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