Chapter 4 Multiple Choice and Essay
  • 1. According to John Dalton's observations, when elements combine in a compound,
A) their volumes are always equal.
B) the ratio of their masses is always the same.
C) their masses are always equal.
D) each element contributes an equal number of atoms.
  • 2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence for which of the following?
A) Alpha particles have a positive charge.
B) Negative and positive charges are spread evenly throughout an atom.
C) Gold is not as dense as previously thought.
D) There is a dense, positively charged mass in the center of an atom.
  • 3. In an atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is
A) located in the space outside the nucleus.
B) spread evenly throughout an atom.
C) concentrated in the center of an atom.
D) concentrated at multiple sites in an atom.
  • 4. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) neutron
B) electron
C) proton
  • 5. Which statement about subatomic particles is true?
A) Neutrons have no charge and no mass.
B) Unlike protons or neutrons, electrons have no mass.
C) An electron has far less mass then either a proton or a neutron.
D) Protons, neutrons, and electrons all have about the same mass.
  • 6. Which of the following is unique for any given element?
A) the number of protons
B) the mass of the neutron
C) the number of neutrons
D) the charge on the electrons
  • 7. The number of protons in one atom of an element is the element's
A) isotope
B) atomic number
C) mass number
D) charge
  • 8. To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract
A) atomic number from mass number
B) mass number from atomic number
C) isotope number from atomic number
D) atomic number from electron number
  • 9. In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move
A) like beach balls on water waves.
B) like popcorn in a popper.
C) like planets orbiting the sun.
D) like balls rolling down a hill.
  • 10. What does the electron cloud model describe?
A) the mass of the electrons in the atom
B) the most likely locations of electrons in an atom
C) the precise location of electrons in an atom
D) the number of electrons in an atom
  • 11. Which statement about alkali metals is correct?
A) the are extremely nonreactive
B) they form negative ions
C) they are located in the left-most column of the periodic table
D) they are usually gases
  • 12. A mole is an SI base unit that describes the
A) mass of a substance
B) volume of a substance
C) amount of a substance
D) electric charge of a substance
  • 13. Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following values increases by exactly one from element to element?
A) atomic number
B) atomic mass unit
C) mass number
D) isotope number
  • 14. The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to
A) its atomic mass
B) the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element
C) the ratio of protons to neutrons in atoms of the element
D) how tightly atoms are packed in the element
  • 15. Which statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18?
A) They have the same mass number
B) they do not have the same number of protons
C) their masses are identical
D) They are isotopes of oxygen
  • 16. In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from
A) group to group
B) element to element
C) row to row
D) column to column
  • 17. Which list of elements contains only metals?
A) iodine, iron, nickel
B) helium, carbon, gold
C) sodium, chromium, copper
D) phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen
  • 18. The usefulness of Mendeleev's periodic table was confirmed by
A) the immediate acceptance by other scientists.
B) the discovery of the nucleus.
C) the discovery of elements with predicted properties.
D) the discovery of subatomic particles.
  • 19. An alkali metal has one valence electron, while an alkaline earth metal has
A) three
B) two
C) none
D) four
  • 20. As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons
A) increases then decreases
B) decreases
C) stays the same
D) increases
  • 21. The standard on which the atomic mass unit is based is the mass of a
A) proton
B) neutron
C) chlorine-35 atom
D) carbon-12 atom
  • 22. The charge on an electron is
A) +1
B) -1
C) 0
D) -2
  • 23. The relative mass of an electron is
A) 1/18
B) 1/1840
C) 1
D) 0
  • 24. Valence electrons determine an atom's
A) period
B) number of neutrons
C) chemical properties
D) mass
  • 25. Ionization refers to the process of
A) losing or gaining electrons
B) changing from one period to another
C) losing or gaining protons
D) changing from lithium into fluorine
  • 26. An atomic mass unit is equal to
A) one-fourth the mass of a lithium atom
B) one-half the mass of a hydrogen atom
C) one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
D) one-fifteenth the mass of a nitrogen-15 atom
  • 27. Which statement about noble gases is correct?
A) they are rare in nature
B) they are highly reactive
C) They exist as single elements rather than molecules
D) they can form compounds with bright colors
  • 28. Semiconductors are elements that
A) can conduct electric current only under certain conditions
B) are extremely hard
C) do not form compounds
D) have large atomic masses but small atomic numbers
  • 29. Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table?
A) on the right
B) on the left
C) in the middle
D) on the bottom
  • 30. Avogadro's constant in defined as the number of particles in
A) one gram of a pure substance
B) one liter of a pure substance
C) one mole of a pure substance
D) one kilogram of a pure substance.
  • 31. How many protons are in an atom of bromine?
A) 35
B) 80
C) 172
D) 79
  • 32. Explain how isotopes affect an element's average atomic mass.
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