Database

1. A database is an organized collection of data, typically stored and accessed electronically from a computer system. It is designed to allow for efficient data retrieval, storage, and manipulation. Databases are commonly used in applications such as websites, mobile apps, and enterprise systems to store and manage structured information. They provide a structured way to store, organize, update, and retrieve data, allowing users to perform complex queries and analysis. Different types of databases exist, including relational databases, NoSQL databases, and cloud databases, each with their unique features and use cases. Overall, databases play a crucial role in modern computing by enabling the efficient and secure management of data.

What is normalization in databases?

A) Organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy.
B) Creating duplicate records.
C) Deleting old data.
D) Adding extra data to improve accuracy.

2. What is ACID in database transactions?

A) Aggregate, Consistency, Isolation, Duration.
B) Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.
C) Atomicity, Convergent, Isolation, Dispersion.
D) Asset, Consistency, Independence, Durability.

3. What is a database index used for?

A) Encrypting data.
B) Improving the speed of data retrieval operations.
C) Adding security to the database.
D) Deleting records.

4. What does CRUD stand for in database operations?

A) Copy, Remove, Use, Delete.
B) Create, Refresh, Undo, Dump.
C) Calculate, Rank, Update, Delete.
D) Create, Read, Update, Delete.

5. What is a database trigger?

A) A security warning.
B) A type of encryption.
C) An error message.
D) Automated response to a specific event in a database.

6. In a relational database, what is a join?

A) Changing the primary key.
B) Deleting duplicate records.
C) Separating data into different tables.
D) Combining rows from two or more tables based on a related column.

7. What does DBMS stand for?

A) Data Backup and Migration Service.
B) Dynamic Business Model Software.
C) Digital Banking Management System.
D) Database Management System.

8. What is the purpose of an ETL process in databases?

A) Establish Table Licensing.
B) Extract, Transform, Load data from various sources into a data warehouse.
C) Enable Table Linking.
D) Encrypt, Transmit, Log data.

9. What is a database constraint?

A) Rules that define acceptable values or conditions for data in the database.
B) A physical database backup.
C) A database user's access level.
D) A report produced by the database.

10. What is a database index?

A) A report generation tool.
B) A file containing all database records.
C) A type of database model.
D) A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table.

11. What is the purpose of a database administrator (DBA)?

A) To design the physical database schema.
B) To develop database applications.
C) To manage and maintain the database system.
D) To delete data from the database.

12. What is a query in a database?

A) A database replication process.
B) A database error.
C) A request for data or information from a database table.
D) A type of database model.

13. What is the purpose of data modeling in databases?

A) To make data unavailable for querying.
B) To slow down data retrieval.
C) To encrypt all data.
D) To create a visual representation of the database structure.

14. In a relational database, what is a foreign key constraint?

A) An extra security measure.
B) A rule that ensures the referential integrity of the data.
C) A key that allows duplicate values.
D) A key that cannot be changed.

15. What does SQL stand for?

A) Sequential Query Language
B) Structured Query Logic
C) Series Query Language
D) Structured Query Language

16. Which of the following is a NoSQL database system?

A) MySQL
B) Oracle Database
C) MongoDB
D) SQLite

17. What is the process of organizing data into a series of tables related by common fields known as?

A) Indexing
B) Denormalization
C) Normalization
D) Optimization

18. Which SQL keyword is used to filter records based on a condition?

A) SELECT
B) WHERE
C) ORDER BY
D) FROM

19. Which database management system is known for being open-source and developed by Oracle?

A) MySQL
B) SQL Server
C) PostgreSQL
D) DB2

20. Which type of join in SQL returns all rows from both tables, joining records where available?

A) Left Join
B) Cross Join
C) Inner Join
D) Full Outer Join

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