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The quantum mechanical model The quantum mechanical model has changed the way we look at the atom. Scientists used to think electrons Scientists used to think electrons orbited the nucleus. Scientists used to think electrons orbited the nucleus. Scientists used to think electrons orbited the nucleus. Like this And they used to label those orbits And they used to label those orbits by shells and subshells. And they used to label those orbits by shells and subshells. 1 s 2 s p 3 s p d And they used to label those orbits by shells and subshells. 1 s 2 s p 3 s p d Like this 1 ? s 2 ? s ? p 3 ? s p ? d ? Scientists now know that the electrons interact Scientists now know that the electrons interact using probability fields. Probablity fields work like this Probablity fields work like this Probablity fields work like this In baseball Probablity fields work like this In baseball the shortstop is Probablity fields work like this a fielder who plays In baseball the shortstop is Probablity fields work like this between second base a fielder who plays In baseball the shortstop is Probablity fields work like this between second base a fielder who plays In baseball the shortstop is Probablity fields work like this between second base and third base a fielder who plays In baseball the shortstop is Probablity fields work like this between second base and third base a fielder who plays In baseball the shortstop is Probablity fields work like this between second base and third base a fielder who plays In baseball the shortstop is shortstop third base ? second base ? first base ? While playing While playing the shortstop will change location While playing the shortstop will change location While playing the shortstop will change location While playing the shortstop will change location While playing the shortstop will change location While playing but will stay in the shortstop will change location While playing but will stay in the shortstop will the general area change location While playing but will stay in the shortstop will the general area change location general area While playing but will stay in the shortstop will the general area change location this area is where While playing but will stay in the shortstop will the general area change location the shortstop will generally be this area is where While playing but will stay in the shortstop will the general area change location and is a probablity field the shortstop will generally be this area is where While playing but will stay in the shortstop will the general area change location probability field and is a probablity field the shortstop will generally be this area is where While playing but will stay in the shortstop will the general area change location An area where an object can generally be found is called a probability field. True False Electrons work the same way. Electrons work the same way. Electrons work the same way. Probability field Electrons work the same way. They are generally found within their probablity field Probability field Electrons work the same way. They are generally found within their probablity field Probability field Electrons work the same way. They are generally found within their probablity field Probability field Electrons work the same way. They are generally found within their probablity field Probability field Electrons work the same way. They are generally found within their probablity field Probability field Electrons work the same way. They are generally found within their probablity field although they CAN be outside it. Probability field Electrons work the same way. They are generally found within their probablity field although they CAN be outside it. Probability field Electrons can NEVER be outside their probability field. True False Probablity fields can even be different shapes Probablity fields can even be different shapes Probablity fields can even be different shapes Probablity fields can even be different shapes The shell number is really the size of the probability field. The shell number is really the size of the probability field. Shell 1 has a smaller probability field than shell 2. The shell number is really the size of the probability field. Shell 1 has a smaller probability field than shell 2. Shell 1 probability field The shell number is really the size of the probability field. Shell 1 has a smaller probability field than shell 2. Shell 2 probability field The subshells are really the shape The subshells are really the shape of the probability field The subshells are really the shape of the probability field called an orbital. The subshells are really the shape of the probability field called an orbital. The subshells are really the shape of the probability field called an orbital. p-orbital s-orbital ? p-orbital ? Planetary Model Subshell Shell Quantum Mechanical Model Orbital ? Shell ? Some orbitals (subshells) can be facing different ways Some orbitals (subshells) can be facing different ways The p orbital looks likes this Some orbitals (subshells) can be facing different ways The p orbital looks likes this Some orbitals (subshells) can be facing different ways The p orbital looks likes this and can hold 6 electrons. 6 electron max Some orbitals (subshells) can be facing different ways The p orbital looks likes this and can hold 6 electrons. 6 electron max Some orbitals (subshells) can be facing different ways The p orbital looks likes this and can hold 6 electrons. but this orbital is actually made of 6 electron max Some orbitals (subshells) can be facing different ways The p orbital looks likes this and can hold 6 electrons. but this orbital is actually made of 3 suborbitals 6 electron max Some orbitals (subshells) can be facing different ways The p orbital looks likes this and can hold 6 electrons. but this orbital is actually made of 3 suborbitals 6 electron max Some orbitals (subshells) can be facing different ways The p orbital looks likes this and can hold 6 electrons. but this orbital is actually made of which hold 2 electrons each 3 suborbitals 6 electron max Some orbitals (subshells) can be facing different ways The p orbital looks likes this and can hold 6 electrons. 2 electron max but this orbital is actually made of which hold 2 electrons each 3 suborbitals 6 electron max Some orbitals (subshells) can be facing different ways The p orbital looks likes this and can hold 6 electrons. 2 electron max but this orbital is actually made of which hold 2 electrons each 3 suborbitals 2 electron max 6 electron max Some orbitals (subshells) can be facing different ways The p orbital looks likes this and can hold 6 electrons. 2 electron max but this orbital is actually made of which hold 2 electrons each 3 suborbitals 2 electron max 2 electron max The d orbital The d orbital is made up of five suborbitals The d orbital is made up of five suborbitals The d orbital is made up of five suborbitals 1 The d orbital is made up of five suborbitals 1 2 The d orbital is made up of five suborbitals 1 2 3 The d orbital is made up of five suborbitals 1 4 2 3 The d orbital is made up of five suborbitals 1 4 2 3 5 The d orbital is made up of five suborbitals 1 4 2 3 5 these suborbitals can hold Each of The d orbital is made up of five suborbitals 1 4 2 3 5 these suborbitals can hold 2 electrons. Each of The d orbital is made up of five suborbitals 1 4 2 3 5 these For a total of suborbitals can hold 2 electrons. Each of The d orbital is made up of five suborbitals 1 4 2 3 5 these For a total of suborbitals can hold 2 electrons. 10 electrons Each of Orbital s p d f Number of Suborbitals 5 ? 7 ? 3 ? 1 ? Number of electrons 14 ? 10 ? 2 ? 6 ? |