- 1. The African National Congress (ANC) is a South African political party and the country’s ruling party since the dawn of democracy in 1994. Founded in 1912, the ANC emerged as a response to the institutionalized racial discrimination of apartheid, which sought to disenfranchise and marginalize the non-white population of South Africa. The ANC has been instrumental in the struggle for civil rights and equality, advocating for non-violent protests and later engaging in armed resistance against the oppressive regime. Under the leadership of prominent figures such as Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, and Walter Sisulu, the ANC galvanized widespread support both domestically and internationally, leading to negotiations that culminated in the end of apartheid and the first multiracial elections in 1994. As a centrist political party, the ANC promotes a platform centered around social justice, economic transformation, and national unity, while also facing challenges such as corruption, governance issues, and internal divisions. The party is deeply rooted in the history of South Africa and continues to play a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s future, as it seeks to address the legacies of past inequalities and to foster inclusive growth and development in a diverse society.
What year was the African National Congress (ANC) founded?
A) 1912
B) 1961
C) 1980
D) 1944
- 2. What was the original name of the African National Congress?
A) South African Equality League
B) South African Native National Congress
C) Native African Alliance
D) African National Party
- 3. Who was the first president of the ANC?
A) Oliver Tambo
B) John Langalibalele Dube
C) Walter Sisulu
D) Nelson Mandela
- 4. In which year did the ANC adopt the Freedom Charter?
A) 1961
B) 1949
C) 1994
D) 1955
- 5. Which major event did the ANC organize in 1960?
A) Defiance Campaign
B) Soweto Uprising
C) ANC Youth League formation
D) Sharpeville Massacre protest
- 6. Who was imprisoned for 27 years and later became ANC president?
A) Jacob Zuma
B) Oliver Tambo
C) Cyril Ramaphosa
D) Nelson Mandela
- 7. What was the ANC's military wing called?
A) Umkhonto we Sizwe
B) Black Consciousness Movement
C) African People's Liberation Army
D) Azanian People's Liberation Army
- 8. What is the main political position of the ANC?
A) Centre-right
B) Centre-left
C) Far-right
D) Far-left
- 9. In which year did South Africa hold its first multiracial elections?
A) 1994
B) 1989
C) 1993
D) 1990
- 10. Which strategy did the ANC use to oppose apartheid from the 1980s?
A) Mass mobilization
B) Armed conflict only
C) Isolationism
D) Negotiation only
- 11. The ANC is a member of which international organization?
A) Commonwealth of Nations
B) Socialist International
C) European Union
D) African Union
- 12. What document outlines the ANC's vision for South Africa?
A) The Freedom Charter
B) The Rainbow Nation Report
C) The Constitution
D) The National Development Plan
- 13. Which South African political party was the main rival of the ANC during apartheid?
A) Economic Freedom Fighters
B) Democratic Alliance
C) National Party
D) African Christian Democratic Party
- 14. What was the impact of the ANC on international relations?
A) Advocated for isolationism
B) Supported colonial powers
C) Advocated for sanctions against apartheid
D) Promoted apartheid regimes
- 15. What year did Nelson Mandela pass away?
A) 2008
B) 2010
C) 2015
D) 2013
- 16. What was the primary goal of the ANC's Defiance Campaign?
A) Negotiate independence
B) Nonviolent resistance to apartheid laws
C) Strengthen white minority rule
D) Increase military actions
- 17. Which law made it illegal for black South Africans to vote?
A) Group Areas Act
B) Bantu Education Act
C) Natives Act
D) Freedom Charter
- 18. What is the ANC's youth organization called?
A) African National Congress Youth League
B) Young ANC
C) South African Youth Federation
D) Youth of South Africa
- 19. Which book did Nelson Mandela write while in prison?
A) The Struggle is My Life
B) Long Walk to Freedom
C) A Biography of Nelson Mandela
D) No Easy Walk to Freedom
- 20. What was Umkhonto we Sizwe?
A) The armed wing of the ANC
B) A trade union
C) A political youth league
D) A women's organization
- 21. Who succeeded Nelson Mandela as ANC president?
A) Cyril Ramaphosa
B) Oliver Tambo
C) Jacob Zuma
D) Thabo Mbeki
- 22. In which city was the ANC headquarters located during the apartheid era?
A) Johannesburg
B) Cape Town
C) Lusaka
D) Durban
- 23. Which economic policy did the ANC implement post-apartheid?
A) NEPAD (New Partnership for Africa's Development)
B) Socialism
C) GEAR (Growth, Employment and Redistribution)
D) Capitalism
- 24. Which international body condemned apartheid in South Africa?
A) Commonwealth of Nations
B) World Trade Organization
C) United Nations
D) African Union
- 25. Which critical trial occurred in 1964 involving ANC leaders?
A) The Cape Town Conspiracy
B) The Rivonia Trial
C) The Freedom Trial
D) The Trial of the Generals
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