Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
  • 1. Biotechnology is a field of science that involves the use of living organisms or their products to modify and improve products, processes, or organisms. Genetic engineering is a specific type of biotechnology that involves manipulating the genetic material of an organism to create desired traits or outcomes. These technologies have vast implications across various industries, including agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. Biotechnology and genetic engineering have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling the development of personalized medicine, genetically modified organisms for increased crop yields, and the production of biofuels to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, with such advancements come ethical considerations surrounding issues like genetic modification, privacy concerns, and access to these technologies. As research and development in biotechnology and genetic engineering continue to advance, it is crucial for society to have informed discussions on the benefits and risks associated with these technologies.

    What is the function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
A) It mutates genes.
B) It copies DNA strands.
C) It adds new genetic material to DNA.
D) It cuts DNA at specific sequences.
  • 2. What is the purpose of gene cloning?
A) To study the entire genome of an organism.
B) To create a completely new gene.
C) To remove genes from an organism.
D) To produce multiple copies of a gene.
  • 3. What is CRISPR-Cas9 used for in biotechnology?
A) To clone entire organisms.
B) To study proteins in cells.
C) To create hybrid organisms.
D) To edit genes with precision.
  • 4. What is a GMO?
A) A genetically modified organism.
B) A gene mapping organization.
C) A protein found in organisms.
D) A grand method of optimization.
  • 5. What is the role of plasmids in genetic engineering?
A) They are tools to measure DNA length.
B) They are enzymes used to cut DNA.
C) They are used as vectors to transfer desired genes into host organisms.
D) They are proteins that regulate gene expression.
  • 6. What is the main purpose of genetic engineering in agriculture?
A) To eliminate the need for fertilizers.
B) To increase the cost of food production.
C) To produce crops with desirable traits such as pest resistance or higher yield.
D) To reduce the genetic diversity of crops.
  • 7. What is a gene drive technology?
A) A technique to clone entire organisms.
B) A process to analyze the entire genome of a species.
C) A tool to deliberately spread a specific gene through a population.
D) A method to delete genes from an organism.
  • 8. What is vaccine development in biotechnology?
A) Manufacturing traditional medicines.
B) Testing antibiotics on viruses.
C) Studying the history of vaccines.
D) Using genetic engineering to create vaccines against diseases.
  • 9. What is a knock-in in genetic engineering?
A) The insertion of a specific gene into a specific location in the genome.
B) The removal of genes from an organism.
C) A natural gene mutation.
D) The transfer of an entire chromosome into a cell.
  • 10. How does genetic engineering contribute to medical advancements?
A) By enabling the production of human proteins like insulin for therapy.
B) By creating new diseases for research purposes.
C) By replacing traditional medicines with genetically modified ones.
D) By increasing resistance to antibiotics in humans.
  • 11. What is gene expression in biotechnology?
A) The manipulation of genes in a lab setting.
B) The sequencing of an entire genome.
C) The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
D) The study of gene inheritance patterns.
  • 12. What is the role of bioinformatics in genetic engineering?
A) To physically manipulate DNA in a lab.
B) To analyze and interpret biological data using computational tools.
C) To study biochemistry in organisms.
D) To create artificial organisms.
  • 13. What is a gene edit in genetic engineering?
A) Copying a gene from one species to another.
B) Changing a specific sequence of DNA within a gene.
C) Deleting an entire chromosome.
D) Inserting a whole gene into an organism.
  • 14. What is an example of gene editing technology?
A) Plasmid transformation.
B) RNA interference.
C) CRISPR-Cas9.
D) Gene cloning.
  • 15. How does genetic engineering benefit the agricultural industry?
A) By developing crops with improved yields and resistance to pests.
B) By increasing the use of chemical pesticides.
C) By promoting the use of natural fertilizers only.
D) By reducing the variety of crop species.
  • 16. What is the potential risk associated with modifying genes in humans?
A) Immediate and predictable benefits.
B) Unintended genetic mutations and long-term health effects.
C) No change in genetic diversity within a population.
D) Improved overall health and well-being.
  • 17. What is the process of cutting DNA at specific sites called?
A) Transcription
B) Restriction digestion
C) Translation
D) PCR amplification
  • 18. Which technique is used to amplify a piece of DNA in vitro?
A) CRISPR-Cas9
B) Gel electrophoresis
C) Transformation
D) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
  • 19. Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on size?
A) Southern blotting
B) CRISPR-Cas9
C) RNA interference
D) Gel electrophoresis
  • 20. What is the technique used to introduce new genes into plant cells?
A) Yeast two-hybrid system
B) RNA splicing
C) Western blotting
D) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
  • 21. In gene editing, what is CRISPR short for?
A) Catalytic RNA for Inducing Specific Proteins
B) Cellular Replication and Inheritance System
C) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
D) Coding Region for Identifying Specific Proteins
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