- 1. Which Greek city-state led the defense against the Persians at the Battle of Thermopylae?
A) Thebes
B) Sparta
C) Athens
D) Corinth
- 2. Who was the King of Sparta that led the Spartan forces at Thermopylae?
A) Achilles
B) Leonidas
C) Pericles
D) Xerxes
- 3. How many soldiers, known as Spartans, led the defense at Thermopylae?
A) 300
B) 1000
C) 500
D) 100
- 4. Which Persian King led the invasion of Greece during the Battle of Thermopylae?
A) Darius
B) Artaxerxes
C) Xerxes
D) Cyrus
- 5. Who was the traitor that revealed a secret path to the Persians which allowed them to outflank the Spartans at Thermopylae?
A) Thucydides
B) Ephialtes
C) Themistocles
D) Herodotus
- 6. What was the narrow pass where the Spartans made their famous stand against the Persians?
A) Acropolis
B) Mount Olympus
C) Thermopylae
D) Troy
- 7. Who famously said 'Molon Labe' ('Come and take them') when the Persians demanded the Spartans lay down their weapons?
A) Ephialtes
B) King Leonidas
C) Xerxes
D) Herodotus
- 8. Which naval battle occurred simultaneously with the Battle of Thermopylae during the Persian invasion?
A) Battle of Marathon
B) Battle of Artemisium
C) Battle of Plataea
D) Battle of Salamis
- 9. How long did the Spartans hold off the Persians at Thermopylae before being defeated?
A) One month
B) One day
C) One week
D) Three days
- 10. Who wrote the famous epitaph for the Spartans at Thermopylae that reads 'Go tell the Spartans, stranger passing by, that here, obedient to their laws, we lie'?
A) Homer
B) Aesop
C) Euripides
D) Simonides
- 11. What type of troops made up the bulk of the Persian army that fought at Thermopylae?
A) Infantry
B) Cavalry
C) Immortals
D) Archers
- 12. Who was the Athenian general who played a crucial role in the naval battle that supported the defense at Thermopylae?
A) Pericles
B) Aristides
C) Miltiades
D) Themistocles
- 13. Which Greek historian provided detailed accounts of the Battle of Thermopylae and the Greco-Persian Wars in his works?
A) Euripides
B) Herodotus
C) Xenophon
D) Thucydides
- 14. What geographical feature did the Greeks use to their advantage at Thermopylae?
A) Narrow pass
B) River crossing
C) Hill fortress
D) Open field
- 15. Which Spartan phrase epitomized their bravery and refusal to retreat at Thermopylae?
A) Semper fi
B) Deus vult
C) Carthago delenda est
D) Molon labe
- 16. In what modern-day country is Thermopylae located?
A) Iran
B) Italy
C) Turkey
D) Greece
- 17. What was the main military advantage of the Greeks' hoplite soldiers at Thermopylae?
A) Mounted cavalry
B) Siege weapons
C) Phalanx formation
D) Ranged archers
- 18. Which Greek city-state sent a messenger to request Sparta's help at Thermopylae, leading to their eventual stand?
A) Athens
B) Corinth
C) Thebes
D) Argos
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