- 1. Pharmacology is the branch of science that deals with the study of drugs, their properties, interactions, and effects on living organisms. It encompasses the discovery, development, and use of medications for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. Pharmacologists explore how drugs work at molecular, cellular, and systemic levels, aiming to optimize their efficacy and minimize potential side effects. Understanding pharmacology is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions about prescribing medications and ensuring patient safety and well-being.
What do diuretics primarily act on in the body?
A) Lungs
B) Kidneys
C) Liver
D) Heart
- 2. Which term refers to a drug's ability to produce a desired therapeutic effect?
A) Efficacy
B) Toxicity
C) Potency
D) Tolerance
- 3. What is the process by which the body breaks down and eliminates drugs called?
A) Excretion
B) Metabolism
C) Distribution
D) Absorption
- 4. Which of the following is a common side effect of opioid analgesics?
A) Constipation
B) Nausea
C) Hypertension
D) Insomnia
- 5. Which drug is commonly used to lower blood pressure by blocking calcium channels?
A) Amlodipine
B) Metformin
C) Gabapentin
D) Sildenafil
- 6. What is the primary function of anti-emetic drugs?
A) Reduce anxiety
B) Ease muscle pain
C) Prevent nausea and vomiting
D) Boost immune response
- 7. Which class of drugs is typically used to treat bacterial infections?
A) Antipsychotics
B) Antibiotics
C) Antihypertensives
D) Antidepressants
- 8. What is the primary goal of antihypertensive medications?
A) Raise cholesterol levels
B) Ease joint pain
C) Increase heart rate
D) Lower blood pressure
- 9. Which branch of pharmacology deals with the study of drugs in the body and the effect of the body on drugs?
A) Pharmacogenetics
B) Pharmacokinetics
C) Pharmacognosy
D) Pharmacodynamics
- 10. Which term describes the study of adverse effects of drugs?
A) Pharmacovigilance
B) Pharmacogenomics
C) Pharmacodynamics
D) Pharmacokinetics
- 11. What term describes the study of how genetic variation affects individual responses to medications?
A) Pharmacogenetics
B) Pharmacokinetics
C) Pharmacognosy
D) Pharmacodynamics
- 12. Which organization is responsible for regulating the approval of new drugs in the United States?
A) AMA
B) CDC
C) WHO
D) FDA
- 13. Which term describes the study of how drugs produce their effects on the body?
A) Pharmacotherapeutics
B) Pharmacokinetics
C) Pharmacognosy
D) Pharmacodynamics
- 14. Which phase of clinical trials investigates the drug's effectiveness and side effects?
A) Phase IV
B) Phase II
C) Phase III
D) Phase I
- 15. Which route of drug administration involves applying the medication directly to the skin?
A) Oral
B) Intramuscular
C) Intravenous
D) Topical
- 16. What is the term for the occurrence of undesirable effects from taking a medication?
A) Therapeutic effect
B) Side effect
C) Overdose
D) Adverse reaction
- 17. Which class of drugs is used to prevent or reduce fever?
A) Anticoagulants
B) Antibiotics
C) Antipyretics
D) Antipsychotics
- 18. Which term refers to the typical, expected, or predicted effect of a medication?
A) Placebo effect
B) Therapeutic effect
C) Adverse effect
D) Toxic effect
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