- 1. Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination enforced by the government of South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. The term, which means 'apartness' in Afrikaans, was used to describe the policies aimed at maintaining white minority rule and subjugating the non-white population, particularly Black South Africans. Under apartheid, the country was divided into separate racial groups, with laws that dictated where individuals could live, work, and go to school based on their race. Non-white people were forced to live in designated areas, known as Bantustans or townships, often in impoverished conditions, while privileges and resources were disproportionately allocated to the white population. The apartheid regime used violent repression to silence dissent, leading to widespread protests, international condemnation, and calls for sanctions against the South African government. The struggle against apartheid was marked by the efforts of numerous activists, including Nelson Mandela, who became a symbol of resistance. The system officially ended in 1994 when South Africa held its first democratic elections, leading to Mandela's election as the country's first Black president. The legacy of apartheid continues to affect South Africa today, as the nation grapples with issues of inequality, social justice, and the lasting effects of systemic racism.
In what year did the Apartheid system officially begin?
A) 1976
B) 1948
C) 1934
D) 1960
- 2. Which party was primarily responsible for implementing Apartheid?
A) United Democratic Front
B) African National Congress
C) National Party
D) South African Communist Party
- 3. Who was the prominent leader of the ANC who fought against Apartheid?
A) Desmond Tutu
B) Nelson Mandela
C) Oliver Tambo
D) Walter Sisulu
- 4. What was the name of the act that established classification of race?
A) The Native Land Act
B) The Population Registration Act
C) The Bantu Education Act
D) The Group Areas Act
- 5. Which of the following was prohibited under Apartheid laws?
A) Voting for all citizens
B) Public schooling for whites
C) Interracial marriage
D) Access to public parks
- 6. What year did Nelson Mandela get released from prison?
A) 1994
B) 1990
C) 1989
D) 1992
- 7. Who was the last apartheid-era President of South Africa?
A) F.W. de Klerk
B) Thabo Mbeki
C) Nelson Mandela
D) P.W. Botha
- 8. Which international organization condemned Apartheid?
A) G7
B) NATO
C) United Nations
D) World Bank
- 9. What were 'pass laws'?
A) Regulations controlling movement of black South Africans
B) Laws protecting wildlife
C) Traffic regulations
D) Laws regulating trade
- 10. What happened during the Soweto Uprising of 1976?
A) A march for housing
B) A peace rally
C) Workers protested for higher wages
D) Students protested against Afrikaans in schools
- 11. Which act enforced separate areas for different racial groups?
A) Bantu Education Act
B) Native Labour Regulation Act
C) Group Areas Act
D) Population Registration Act
- 12. Who was Bantu Stephen Biko?
A) An ANC leader
B) A political prisoner
C) A government official
D) A leader of the Black Consciousness Movement
- 13. What was the outcome of the 1994 elections in South Africa?
A) Apartheid laws were strengthened.
B) The National Party won again.
C) Nelson Mandela became the first black president.
D) No elections were held.
- 14. What is the significance of the Freedom Charter?
A) It was a military strategy.
B) It promoted Apartheid.
C) It outlined the vision for a non-racial South Africa.
D) It was a government manifesto.
- 15. What was the role of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission?
A) To choose a new president
B) To promote Apartheid policies
C) To address past human rights abuses
D) To enforce new laws
- 16. How did the international community respond to Apartheid?
A) Trade agreements
B) Complete support for the government
C) Boycotts and sanctions against South Africa
D) Military intervention
- 17. What was the purpose of the Bantu Education Act?
A) To equalize education for all
B) To provide inferior education for black South Africans
C) To promote technical training
D) To eliminate educational disparities
- 18. What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?
A) It led to Nelson Mandela's imprisonment.
B) It was a diplomatic meeting.
C) It focused on economic issues.
D) It resulted in the end of Apartheid.
- 19. What does 'Apartheid' literally translate to?
A) Unity
B) Freedom
C) Division
D) Apartness
- 20. What was the primary method of resistance employed by many anti-Apartheid activists?
A) Armament
B) Election campaigning
C) Civil disobedience
D) Coup d'état
- 21. In what decade did Apartheid officially end?
A) 1980s
B) 1970s
C) 1990s
D) 2000s
- 22. What year did Nelson Mandela win the Nobel Peace Prize?
A) 1990
B) 1996
C) 1993
D) 1989
- 23. In which year did Apartheid officially end?
A) 1989
B) 1994
C) 1996
D) 1990
- 24. What term described the laws enforcing racial classification?
A) Civil laws.
B) Equality laws.
C) Apartheid laws
D) Rights laws.
- 25. What event is commemorated on June 16 in South Africa?
A) Day of Reconciliation
B) Sharpeville Massacre
C) Freedom Day
D) Soweto Uprising
- 26. Which term describes people of mixed race under Apartheid?
A) White
B) Black
C) Coloured
D) Indian
- 27. Which religious leader spoke out against Apartheid and received the Nobel Peace Prize?
A) Desmond Tutu
B) Nelson Mandela
C) Martin Luther King Jr.
D) Mahatma Gandhi
- 28. In what year was the Sharpeville Massacre?
A) 1961
B) 1976
C) 1960
D) 1956
- 29. Who was the first black woman to receive a Nobel Peace Prize?
A) Wangari Maathai
B) Albertina Sisulu
C) Bishop Desmond Tutu
D) Winnie Mandela
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