- 1. Christianity and Judaism: The Early Struggle for Identity represents a pivotal moment in religious history, marked by the intricate interplay of beliefs, practices, and cultural identities during the first few centuries of the Common Era. Emerging from the ancient Jewish tradition, Christianity initially sought to articulate its identity in relation to Judaism, finding both a rich heritage and a set of challenges as it began to define its core tenets and practices. The early Christians, who were predominantly Jewish, wrestled with their faith and the implications of Jesus' teachings, which introduced radical concepts of salvation, grace, and the Kingdom of God that diverged from traditional Jewish law. As this new movement took root, the tension between adherence to the Mosaic Law and the belief in Jesus as the Messiah began to shape communal identity, leading to significant theological disputes and sectarian divisions. Furthermore, the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE intensified this struggle, as both communities sought to reaffirm their identities in the face of profound loss and change. As the early church started gaining non-Jewish followers, the question of what it meant to be a follower of Christ became increasingly intricate, prompting debates over circumcision, dietary laws, and the relevance of Jewish scripture. This period was characterized by a complex dynamic where the burgeoning Christian identity often positioned itself against its Jewish roots, resulting in a synthesis of cultural and religious elements that laid the groundwork for centuries of theological discourse and interfaith relations. The legacy of this early struggle not only formed distinct religious identities but also set the stage for ongoing dialogues and conflicts between Christianity and Judaism that would echo throughout history.
What is the central text of Judaism?
A) Talmud
B) Quran
C) Tanakh
D) New Testament
- 2. What is the Christian doctrine of the Trinity?
A) One God in three persons
B) Christ's physical resurrection
C) Dualism of good and evil
D) The belief in multiple gods
- 3. What major event marked the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora?
A) The Babylonian Exile
B) The Roman Conquest
C) The Reformation
D) The Crusades
- 4. Which Apostle is known for his missionary journeys?
A) Matthew
B) John
C) Paul
D) James
- 5. What is the significance of the covenant in Judaism?
A) It is an agreement between God and the Jewish people
B) It is a legal contract
C) It signifies the Christian faith
D) It represents the New Testament promise
- 6. What is the Jewish day of rest?
A) Shabbat
B) Yom Kippur
C) Sabbath
D) Easter
- 7. Which Jewish festival commemorates the rededication of the Second Temple?
A) Hanukkah
B) Passover
C) Sukkot
D) Rosh Hashanah
- 8. What is the primary language of the Old Testament?
A) Hebrew
B) Latin
C) Greek
D) Arabic
- 9. Which Gospels are considered the Synoptic Gospels?
A) Matthew, Mark, and Luke
B) John, Mark, and Luke
C) Matthew, Mark, and Paul
D) Matthew, John, and Luke
- 10. Which Roman Emperor played a significant role in the synthesis of Christianity in Rome?
A) Augustus
B) Nero
C) Constantine
D) Tiberius
- 11. What is 'Tikkun Olam' in Jewish tradition?
A) Celebrating life
B) Praying daily
C) Repairing the world
D) Studying texts
- 12. What major theme is addressed in the Book of Job?
A) The life of Moses
B) The problem of suffering
C) The end times
D) The creation of the world
- 13. Which parable teaches about love and compassion?
A) The Prodigal Son
B) The Good Samaritan
C) The Lost Sheep
D) The Mustard Seed
- 14. What is the Jewish New Year called?
A) Sukkot
B) Rosh Hashanah
C) Yom Kippur
D) Passover
- 15. Which doctrine defines Jesus as both fully divine and fully human?
A) Hypostatic union
B) Arianism
C) Nestorianism
D) Monophysitism
- 16. Which prophet is known for leading the Israelites out of Egypt?
A) Daniel
B) Isaiah
C) Moses
D) Elijah
- 17. Which historical event is associated with 70 CE for Judaism?
A) The founding of the synagogue
B) The Exodus
C) The Babylonian Exile
D) Destruction of the Second Temple
- 18. What is the significance of baptism in Christianity?
A) A Jewish tradition
B) Sign of religious birth
C) Symbol of purification and commitment
D) A form of healing
- 19. In which city was Jesus crucified?
A) Nazareth
B) Capernaum
C) Bethlehem
D) Jerusalem
- 20. What is the Jewish term for the covenant made with God?
A) Shabbat
B) Seder
C) Kashrut
D) Brit
- 21. What ritual marks a male child's entry into the Jewish community?
A) Brit Milah
B) Bar Mitzvah
C) Shabbat
D) Hanukkah
- 22. The concept of 'original sin' is associated with which religion?
A) Christianity
B) Islam
C) Judaism
D) Buddhism
- 23. What is the term for the Jewish dietary laws?
A) Halal
B) Seder
C) Tzedakah
D) Kashrut
- 24. The first five books of the Hebrew Bible are also known as what?
A) Mishnah
B) Ketuvim
C) Torah
D) Nevi'im
- 25. Which Jewish festival commemorates the Exodus?
A) Hanukkah
B) Yom Kippur
C) Passover
D) Sukkot
- 26. Who is considered the father of Judaism?
A) David
B) Abraham
C) Moses
D) Solomon
- 27. Which apostle is often called the 'rock' of the church?
A) John
B) Peter
C) Paul
D) James
- 28. Which empire controlled Judea during Jesus's lifetime?
A) Greek Empire
B) Persian Empire
C) Babylonian Empire
D) Roman Empire
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