- 1. Theoretical biology is an interdisciplinary field that applies mathematical and computational tools to study biological systems and processes. It aims to develop theoretical models and frameworks to understand complex biological phenomena, such as the dynamics of ecosystems, the behavior of cells, and the evolution of species. By using mathematical models, theoretical biologists can make predictions, test hypotheses, and gain insights into the underlying principles that govern living organisms. This field plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of biology and has applications in a wide range of areas, including genetics, ecology, and medicine.
Which scientist is known for proposing the theory of natural selection?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Gregor Mendel
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Alfred Russel Wallace
- 2. What is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment?
A) Cell Biology
B) Ecology
C) Genetics
D) Evolution
- 3. What is the basic unit of heredity?
A) Gene
B) Allele
C) Trait
D) Chromosome
- 4. Which of the following is a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
A) rRNA
B) mRNA
C) siRNA
D) tRNA
- 5. What type of bond holds complementary base pairs together in DNA?
A) Ionic bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Covalent bond
D) Van der Waals bond
- 6. What is the study of evolutionary history and relationships among organisms?
A) Molecular Biology
B) Paleontology
C) Developmental Biology
D) Phylogenetics
- 7. What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
A) Replicating DNA
B) Translating mRNA into protein
C) Synthesizing DNA from an RNA template
D) Synthesizing RNA from a DNA template
- 8. Which of the following is a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected?
A) Parasitism
B) Competition
C) Commensalism
D) Mutualism
- 9. What is the term for the random changes in allele frequencies in a population?
A) Genetic drift
B) Natural selection
C) Mutation
D) Gene flow
- 10. Which scientist proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium as an evolutionary model?
A) Stephen Jay Gould
B) Richard Dawkins
C) Lynn Margulis
D) Carl Woese
- 11. What is the study of the structure and function of biological macromolecules?
A) Microbiology
B) Biochemistry
C) Neuroscience
D) Immunology
- 12. Which type of symmetry is exhibited by animals that can be divided into mirror image halves along any plane?
A) Bilateral symmetry
B) Asymmetry
C) Radial symmetry
D) Spherical symmetry
- 13. Which of the following represents the correct order of biological organization from simplest to most complex?
A) Tissue -> Organ System -> Cell -> Organism
B) Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System
C) Organ System -> Organ -> Cell -> Tissue
D) Organism -> Tissue -> Cell -> Organ System
- 14. What is the term for the action of splitting a cell into two daughter cells?
A) Meiosis
B) Cytokinesis
C) Apoptosis
D) Mitosis
- 15. Where does glycolysis, the initial step of cellular respiration, occur in eukaryotic cells?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Endoplasmic Reticulum
D) Mitochondria
- 16. What is the study of the interactions between genes and the environment?
A) Transcriptomics
B) Genomics
C) Proteomics
D) Epigenetics
- 17. What is the term for the process where cells become specialized for specific functions?
A) Cell division
B) Cell differentiation
C) Embryogenesis
D) Cellular respiration
- 18. What does the Lotka-Volterra model describe?
A) Predator-prey interactions
B) Cell division
C) Genetic mutations
D) Photosynthesis
- 19. Which concept is central to evolutionary theory in theoretical biology?
A) Genetic drift
B) Natural selection
C) Mutation rate
D) Artificial selection
- 20. What is the purpose of evolutionary game theory in theoretical biology?
A) Identifying plant species
B) Studying behavior strategies in evolutionary contexts
C) Analyzing nuclear DNA
D) Modeling weather patterns
- 21. What is meant by the term 'fitness' in theoretical biology?
A) Rate of cell division
B) Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce
C) Size of an animal's habitat
D) Amount of exercise a person does
- 22. Which branch of theoretical biology focuses on the structure and functions of molecules within cells?
A) Behavioral ecology
B) Population ecology
C) Molecular biology
D) Community dynamics
- 23. What is the main purpose of phylogenetics in theoretical biology?
A) Quantifying energy flow in ecosystems
B) Identifying cellular organelles
C) Studying climate change
D) Reconstructing evolutionary relationships between species
- 24. What role does network theory play in theoretical biology?
A) Studying mineral compositions
B) Measuring protein concentrations
C) Analyzing complex interactions in biological systems
D) Creating artificial organs
- 25. Which computational technique is often used in theoretical biology to simulate complex systems?
A) Measuring protein structures
B) Drawing phylogenetic trees
C) Agent-based modeling
D) Analyzing fossil records
- 26. What is bioinformatics in theoretical biology?
A) Application of computational tools to biological data analysis
B) Measurement of water quality
C) Classification of animal species
D) Study of plant anatomy
- 27. Which field of biology studies the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of infectious diseases?
A) Ichthyology
B) Epidemiology
C) Entomology
D) Botany
- 28. What is a phenotypic trait in theoretical biology?
A) Observable characteristic of an organism
B) Age of the organism
C) Internal genetic sequence
D) Rate of cell division
- 29. What does the Lotka-Volterra competition model describe?
A) Interactions between species competing for limited resources
B) Gene regulatory networks
C) Predator-prey relationships
D) Genetic mutations in a population
- 30. Which scientist developed the concept of the selfish gene?
A) B. Jane Goodall
B) C. E.O. Wilson
C) A. Richard Dawkins
D) D. Stephen Jay Gould
- 31. Which mathematical tool is commonly used in theoretical biology?
A) Genetic engineering.
B) Photography.
C) Chemical titration.
D) Differential equations.
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