- 1. Satyagraha, a term coined by Mahatma Gandhi, refers to the practice of nonviolent resistance and truth-force, which emerged as a pivotal method of protest during Gandhi's time in South Africa from 1893 to 1914. During this period, Gandhi faced rampant racial discrimination and injustices directed at the Indian community, which compelled him to advocate for their rights. The first significant application of Satyagraha occurred in response to the Natal government's introduction of the Asiatic Registration Act in 1906, which required Indians to register and carry passes, thus subjecting them to humiliation and control. Gandhi organized a campaign of peaceful civil disobedience, encouraging Indians to refuse to comply with the oppressive laws, peacefully protest, and endure imprisonment if necessary. This act of defiance demonstrated the power of collective nonviolent action and marked the beginning of a broader struggle for civil rights and social justice. Through various campaigns, culminating in the 1913 passive resistance movement against discriminatory laws, Gandhi succeeded in uniting diverse Indian communities and drew international attention to their plight, laying the groundwork for future civil rights movements. The principles of Satyagraha not only became a core element of Gandhi’s philosophy but also inspired countless other movements worldwide, highlighting the transformative power of nonviolence in the pursuit of justice.
What does 'Satyagraha' mean?
A) Truth force
B) Civil disobedience
C) Peaceful resistance
D) Nonviolent action
- 2. In which year did Gandhi first arrive in South Africa?
A) 1889
B) 1893
C) 1910
D) 1900
- 3. Which act introduced by the British government in South Africa angered Gandhi and the Indian community?
A) The Native Land Act
B) The Color Bar Act
C) The Pass Laws
D) The Asiatic Registration Act
- 4. In which year was the passive resistance campaign launched in South Africa?
A) 1912
B) 1906
C) 1908
D) 1915
- 5. Which community did Gandhi primarily represent during the Satyagraha movement?
A) Indian community
B) African Nascent community
C) European settlers
D) Coloured community
- 6. Gandhi emphasized which principle in his teachings during the Satyagraha?
A) Blind nationalism
B) Capitalism
C) Militancy
D) Ahimsa
- 7. What was Gandhi's profession before he became a political leader?
A) Teacher
B) Lawyer
C) Doctor
D) Businessman
- 8. What form of protest did Gandhi promote during the Satyagraha campaigns?
A) Civil disobedience
B) Political negotiations
C) Economic sabotage
D) Armed rebellion
- 9. Which organization did Gandhi help to establish for the rights of Indians in South Africa?
A) Indian National Congress
B) African National Congress
C) The Natal Indian Congress
D) South African Indian Organization
- 10. Which year did Gandhi return to India after his struggles in South Africa?
A) 1915
B) 1918
C) 1920
D) 1910
- 11. What were the main tools of Satyagraha as promoted by Gandhi?
A) Armed conflict
B) Violent protests and strikes
C) Nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience
D) Political lobbying
- 12. Gandhi's experiences in South Africa greatly influenced his approach in which future movement?
A) The Civil Rights Movement
B) The Indian independence movement
C) The Labor Movement
D) The African independence movements
- 13. What did Gandhi encourage among the Indian population in South Africa?
A) Isolation and despair
B) Segregation and superiority
C) Self-reliance and unity
D) Complex governance
- 14. Which term did Gandhi use to refer to his philosophy of nonviolent activism?
A) Satyagraha
B) Brahmacharya
C) Ahimsa
D) Swadeshi
- 15. Who led the first organized Indian community in South Africa?
A) Gandhi
B) Tagore
C) Nehru
D) Ambedkar
- 16. What is the principle of 'Ahimsa' associated with?
A) Aggression
B) Economic exploitation
C) Non-violence
D) Negotiation
- 17. During which campaign did Gandhi lead a march to the sea?
A) Civil Disobedience Movement
B) Salt March
C) Non-Cooperation Movement
D) Quit India Movement
- 18. Which principle refers to the idea of self-rule that Gandhi advocated?
A) Varnashrama
B) Moksha
C) Swaraj
D) Karam
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