Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective

1. Which country is often cited as a case of late industrialization?

A) Japan.
B) United States.
C) Russia.
D) Germany.

2. In historical terms, which region is often associated with prolonged economic backwardness?

A) North America.
B) Western Europe.
C) East Asia.
D) Sub-Saharan Africa.

3. Which historical event marked a significant shift towards industrialization for many European countries?

A) The Industrial Revolution.
B) The French Revolution.
C) World War I.
D) The Cold War.

4. Which theory focuses on the role of institutions in economic development?

A) Classical Economics.
B) Neoclassical Economics.
C) Marxian Economics.
D) New Institutional Economics.

5. Which approach argues that backwardness is primarily due to cultural factors?

A) Cultural determinism.
B) Structuralism.
C) Historical materialism.
D) Economic liberalism.

6. Which country is often cited as an example of successful late industrialization?

A) United Kingdom.
B) India.
C) South Korea.
D) Italy.

7. Which economic policy is likely to encourage development in backward economies?

A) Encouraging emigration of skilled workers.
B) Investment in education and infrastructure.
C) Reducing state involvement in the economy.
D) Maintaining high tariffs on imports.

8. What is an essential feature of 'catch-up' growth?

A) Only focusing on agriculture.
B) Rejection of foreign ideas.
C) Total isolation from global markets.
D) Adoption of existing technologies.

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