- 1. Throughout history, there have been numerous fascinating discoveries in the field of medicine that have revolutionized healthcare as we know it. From the discovery of antibiotics by Alexander Fleming in 1928, to the development of vaccines for diseases like smallpox and polio, these breakthroughs have saved countless lives and improved public health worldwide. Other remarkable discoveries include the use of anesthesia in surgery, the mapping of the human genome, and the invention of medical imaging techniques like X-rays and MRIs. These advances in medical science continue to push the boundaries of what is possible, offering hope for the future of healthcare and the treatment of diseases.
Who is credited with the discovery of penicillin in 1928?
A) Paul Langerhans
B) Alexander Fleming
C) George Papanicolaou
D) Joseph Lister
- 2. Which 19th-century Austrian doctor is known as the 'father of modern psychoanalysis'?
A) Wilhelm Roentgen
B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Louis Pasteur
- 3. The discovery of the structure of DNA is attributed to which scientists?
A) Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr
B) Marie Curie and Pierre Curie
C) James Watson and Francis Crick
D) Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
- 4. Who developed the first successful polio vaccine in 1955?
A) Jonas Salk
B) Edward Jenner
C) Charles Drew
D) Howard Florey
- 5. Who is known for introducing the concept of antiseptic surgery in the 19th century?
A) Robert Koch
B) Joseph Lister
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D) Louis Pasteur
- 6. The discovery of insulin as a treatment for diabetes is credited to whom?
A) Frederick Banting and Charles Best
B) Carlos Finlay
C) Walter Reed
D) Ronald Ross
- 7. Which scientist is known for discovering the circulation of blood in the human body?
A) Louis Pasteur
B) Robert Koch
C) Niels Bohr
D) William Harvey
- 8. Who developed the first successful smallpox vaccine in the 18th century?
A) Edward Jenner
B) Ignaz Semmelweis
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D) Paul Langerhans
- 9. The identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the cause of AIDS was made by which researchers?
A) Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur
B) Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin
C) Wilhelm Roentgen and Emil von Behring
D) Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo
- 10. Who is credited with the development of the first successful heart transplant in 1967?
A) James D. Watson
B) Christiaan Barnard
C) Werner Forssmann
D) Barry Marshall
- 11. The discovery of the role of Helicobacter pylori in causing peptic ulcers was made by which researchers?
A) Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
B) Marie Curie and Pierre Curie
C) Jonas Salk and Edward Jenner
D) Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin
- 12. Who discovered the anesthetic properties of chloroform in the mid-19th century?
A) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
B) Robert Koch
C) James Young Simpson
D) Ignaz Semmelweis
- 13. The discovery of the function of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism was made by which scientists?
A) Charles Best and Frederick Banting
B) Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg
C) William Harvey and Gabriel Fallopius
D) Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
- 14. The discovery of the first antibiotic, sulfonamide, is credited to which German chemist?
A) Gerhard Domagk
B) Ehrlich Paul
C) Alexander Fleming
D) Walter Reed
- 15. Who performed the first successful human-to-human kidney transplant in 1954?
A) Christiaan Barnard
B) Joseph Murray
C) Werner Forssmann
D) Barry Marshall
- 16. The discovery of serotonin as a neurotransmitter is attributed to which Italian neuroscientist?
A) Josef Breuer
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) Thomas Willis
D) Vittorio Erspamer
- 17. The discovery of the human genome project, mapping all genes in human DNA, was completed in which year?
A) 2003
B) 2010
C) 1995
D) 1987
- 18. Who discovered the link between smoking and lung cancer in the 20th century?
A) Joseph Lister
B) Gregor Mendel
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Richard Doll and Bradford Hill
- 19. Who discovered the antibiotic streptomycin in the mid-20th century?
A) Selman Waksman
B) Robert Koch
C) Ignaz Semmelweis
D) Barry Marshall
- 20. The discovery of the Higgs boson particle in the field of medical physics was made in which year?
A) 1998
B) 2005
C) 2018
D) 2012
- 21. What medical breakthrough did Wilhelm Roentgen make?
A) Identification of DNA structure
B) Discovery of X-rays
C) Invention of the stethoscope
D) Development of anesthesia
- 22. What did Joseph Lister introduce to surgery that revolutionized healthcare?
A) Antiseptic surgery
B) Plastic surgery
C) Cosmetic surgery
D) Laparoscopic surgery
- 23. Who was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine?
A) Rosalind Franklin
B) Grace Hopper
C) Marie Curie
D) Gerty Cori
- 24. What did Rene Laennec invent that became an essential tool for diagnosing lung conditions?
A) EKG machine
B) MRI scanner
C) Sphygmomanometer
D) Stethoscope
- 25. Who discovered the role of handwashing in preventing infections in hospitals?
A) William Harvey
B) Ignaz Semmelweis
C) Jonas Salk
D) Joseph Lister
- 26. In what year was the X-ray discovered?
A) 1920
B) 1876
C) 1905
D) 1895
- 27. Which scientist discovered the concept of blood types?
A) Gregor Mendel
B) William Harvey
C) Francis Crick
D) Karl Landsteiner
- 28. What was the first successful organ transplant?
A) Lung
B) Kidney
C) Heart
D) Liver
- 29. Which disease was eradicated through a worldwide vaccination campaign?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Measles
C) Smallpox
D) Polio
- 30. What device did Christian Barnard use in the first successful heart transplant surgery?
A) Heart-lung machine
B) Stethoscope
C) Pacemaker
D) Defibrillator
- 31. Who discovered the vaccine for rabies?
A) Alexander Fleming
B) Marie Curie
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Joseph Lister
- 32. What is the common name for Acetylsalicylic Acid, which was developed by Bayer in 1897?
A) Paracetamol
B) Aspirin
C) Morphine
D) Ibuprofen
- 33. When was the first successful human kidney transplant performed?
A) 1978
B) 1954
C) 1965
D) 1940
- 34. What was the first antibiotic discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming?
A) Penicillin
B) Tetracycline
C) Streptomycin
D) Neomycin
- 35. Which scientist is known for the discovery of capillary action in plants, known as Halesian physiology?
A) Alexander Fleming
B) James Watson
C) Stephen Hales
D) Gregor Mendel
- 36. What is the condition characterized by the body attacking its own cells or tissues, resulting in inflammation and damage?
A) Heart disease
B) Diabetes
C) Cancer
D) Autoimmune disease
- 37. What vaccine did Jonas Salk develop in 1955?
A) Polio vaccine
B) Hepatitis B vaccine
C) MMR vaccine
D) Flu vaccine
- 38. Who was the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States in 1849?
A) Elizabeth Blackwell
B) Florence Nightingale
C) Rosalind Franklin
D) Marie Curie
- 39. In 1900, who discovered the insect-based transmission of malaria?
A) Walter Reed
B) Alexander Fleming
C) Ronald Ross
D) Gerty Cori
- 40. Who discovered the first effective treatment for syphilis in the early 20th century?
A) Wilhelm Roentgen
B) Jonas Salk
C) Paul Ehrlich
D) Louis Pasteur
- 41. Which scientist is known for pioneering research on radioactivity in the early 20th century?
A) Rosalind Franklin
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Gerty Cori
D) Marie Curie
- 42. Who discovered the hepatitis B virus and developed a vaccine for it?
A) Edward Jenner
B) Frederick Banting
C) Baruch Blumberg
D) Jonas Salk
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