- 1. Throughout history, there have been numerous fascinating discoveries in the field of medicine that have revolutionized healthcare as we know it. From the discovery of antibiotics by Alexander Fleming in 1928, to the development of vaccines for diseases like smallpox and polio, these breakthroughs have saved countless lives and improved public health worldwide. Other remarkable discoveries include the use of anesthesia in surgery, the mapping of the human genome, and the invention of medical imaging techniques like X-rays and MRIs. These advances in medical science continue to push the boundaries of what is possible, offering hope for the future of healthcare and the treatment of diseases.
Who is credited with the discovery of penicillin in 1928?
A) Alexander Fleming
B) Paul Langerhans
C) George Papanicolaou
D) Joseph Lister
- 2. Which 19th-century Austrian doctor is known as the 'father of modern psychoanalysis'?
A) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Wilhelm Roentgen
- 3. The discovery of the structure of DNA is attributed to which scientists?
A) Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr
B) Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
C) Marie Curie and Pierre Curie
D) James Watson and Francis Crick
- 4. Who developed the first successful polio vaccine in 1955?
A) Charles Drew
B) Jonas Salk
C) Howard Florey
D) Edward Jenner
- 5. Who is known for introducing the concept of antiseptic surgery in the 19th century?
A) Robert Koch
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D) Joseph Lister
- 6. The discovery of insulin as a treatment for diabetes is credited to whom?
A) Frederick Banting and Charles Best
B) Ronald Ross
C) Walter Reed
D) Carlos Finlay
- 7. Which scientist is known for discovering the circulation of blood in the human body?
A) William Harvey
B) Robert Koch
C) Niels Bohr
D) Louis Pasteur
- 8. Who developed the first successful smallpox vaccine in the 18th century?
A) Paul Langerhans
B) Ignaz Semmelweis
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D) Edward Jenner
- 9. The identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the cause of AIDS was made by which researchers?
A) Wilhelm Roentgen and Emil von Behring
B) Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur
C) Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin
D) Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo
- 10. Who is credited with the development of the first successful heart transplant in 1967?
A) Christiaan Barnard
B) James D. Watson
C) Werner Forssmann
D) Barry Marshall
- 11. The discovery of the role of Helicobacter pylori in causing peptic ulcers was made by which researchers?
A) Marie Curie and Pierre Curie
B) Jonas Salk and Edward Jenner
C) Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
D) Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin
- 12. Who discovered the anesthetic properties of chloroform in the mid-19th century?
A) James Young Simpson
B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C) Ignaz Semmelweis
D) Robert Koch
- 13. The discovery of the function of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism was made by which scientists?
A) Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
B) Charles Best and Frederick Banting
C) William Harvey and Gabriel Fallopius
D) Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg
- 14. The discovery of the first antibiotic, sulfonamide, is credited to which German chemist?
A) Gerhard Domagk
B) Alexander Fleming
C) Walter Reed
D) Ehrlich Paul
- 15. Who performed the first successful human-to-human kidney transplant in 1954?
A) Werner Forssmann
B) Christiaan Barnard
C) Joseph Murray
D) Barry Marshall
- 16. The discovery of serotonin as a neurotransmitter is attributed to which Italian neuroscientist?
A) Vittorio Erspamer
B) Thomas Willis
C) Josef Breuer
D) Ivan Pavlov
- 17. The discovery of the human genome project, mapping all genes in human DNA, was completed in which year?
A) 1995
B) 1987
C) 2003
D) 2010
- 18. Who discovered the link between smoking and lung cancer in the 20th century?
A) Gregor Mendel
B) Joseph Lister
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Richard Doll and Bradford Hill
- 19. Who discovered the antibiotic streptomycin in the mid-20th century?
A) Ignaz Semmelweis
B) Barry Marshall
C) Selman Waksman
D) Robert Koch
- 20. The discovery of the Higgs boson particle in the field of medical physics was made in which year?
A) 1998
B) 2005
C) 2018
D) 2012
- 21. What medical breakthrough did Wilhelm Roentgen make?
A) Development of anesthesia
B) Invention of the stethoscope
C) Identification of DNA structure
D) Discovery of X-rays
- 22. What did Joseph Lister introduce to surgery that revolutionized healthcare?
A) Laparoscopic surgery
B) Cosmetic surgery
C) Antiseptic surgery
D) Plastic surgery
- 23. Who was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine?
A) Marie Curie
B) Gerty Cori
C) Rosalind Franklin
D) Grace Hopper
- 24. What did Rene Laennec invent that became an essential tool for diagnosing lung conditions?
A) EKG machine
B) Stethoscope
C) Sphygmomanometer
D) MRI scanner
- 25. Who discovered the role of handwashing in preventing infections in hospitals?
A) Ignaz Semmelweis
B) Jonas Salk
C) Joseph Lister
D) William Harvey
- 26. In what year was the X-ray discovered?
A) 1876
B) 1920
C) 1905
D) 1895
- 27. Which scientist discovered the concept of blood types?
A) William Harvey
B) Karl Landsteiner
C) Francis Crick
D) Gregor Mendel
- 28. What was the first successful organ transplant?
A) Liver
B) Heart
C) Kidney
D) Lung
- 29. Which disease was eradicated through a worldwide vaccination campaign?
A) Measles
B) Tuberculosis
C) Polio
D) Smallpox
- 30. What device did Christian Barnard use in the first successful heart transplant surgery?
A) Pacemaker
B) Heart-lung machine
C) Defibrillator
D) Stethoscope
- 31. Who discovered the vaccine for rabies?
A) Marie Curie
B) Alexander Fleming
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Joseph Lister
- 32. What is the common name for Acetylsalicylic Acid, which was developed by Bayer in 1897?
A) Aspirin
B) Morphine
C) Ibuprofen
D) Paracetamol
- 33. When was the first successful human kidney transplant performed?
A) 1954
B) 1965
C) 1940
D) 1978
- 34. What was the first antibiotic discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming?
A) Neomycin
B) Tetracycline
C) Penicillin
D) Streptomycin
- 35. Which scientist is known for the discovery of capillary action in plants, known as Halesian physiology?
A) James Watson
B) Stephen Hales
C) Gregor Mendel
D) Alexander Fleming
- 36. What is the condition characterized by the body attacking its own cells or tissues, resulting in inflammation and damage?
A) Cancer
B) Diabetes
C) Autoimmune disease
D) Heart disease
- 37. What vaccine did Jonas Salk develop in 1955?
A) Hepatitis B vaccine
B) MMR vaccine
C) Polio vaccine
D) Flu vaccine
- 38. Who was the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States in 1849?
A) Elizabeth Blackwell
B) Marie Curie
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Rosalind Franklin
- 39. In 1900, who discovered the insect-based transmission of malaria?
A) Alexander Fleming
B) Ronald Ross
C) Walter Reed
D) Gerty Cori
- 40. Who discovered the first effective treatment for syphilis in the early 20th century?
A) Paul Ehrlich
B) Jonas Salk
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Wilhelm Roentgen
- 41. Which scientist is known for pioneering research on radioactivity in the early 20th century?
A) Louis Pasteur
B) Gerty Cori
C) Marie Curie
D) Rosalind Franklin
- 42. Who discovered the hepatitis B virus and developed a vaccine for it?
A) Frederick Banting
B) Edward Jenner
C) Baruch Blumberg
D) Jonas Salk
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