- 1. Erosion and weathering are important geological processes that shape the Earth's surface over long periods of time. Weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks and minerals on the Earth's surface by various physical, chemical, or biological processes. This can include processes such as frost wedging, chemical reactions, and root growth. Erosion, on the other hand, involves the transport of weathered material by natural forces such as wind, water, or ice. Together, weathering and erosion work to slowly but continually reshape the landforms that we see today, creating canyons, valleys, and other geological features.
What is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces called?
A) Erosion
B) Deposition
C) Sedimentation
D) Weathering
- 2. What type of weathering involves the breakdown of rock due to chemical reactions?
A) Biological weathering
B) Physical weathering
C) Chemical weathering
D) Hydraulic weathering
- 3. What is the process of carrying away sediment or soil called?
A) Weathering
B) Sedimentation
C) Deposition
D) Erosion
- 4. How does carbonic acid contribute to weathering?
A) It dissolves minerals in rocks
B) It freezes and expands in rocks
C) It physically breaks down rocks
D) It breaks rocks through pressure
- 5. Which of the following is a slow-acting form of weathering involving the growth of plant roots?
A) Hydraulic weathering
B) Chemical weathering
C) Biological weathering
D) Physical weathering
- 6. Which type of soil erosion occurs when water flowing over the surface picks up and carries soil particles?
A) Sheet erosion
B) Slump erosion
C) Rill erosion
D) Gully erosion
- 7. What is the breakdown of rocks due to ice expansion in cracks called?
A) Abrasion
B) Hydration
C) Oxidation
D) Frost wedging
- 8. What is the process of sediment settled by water being compacted and cemented into solid rock?
A) Lithification
B) Weathering
C) Sedimentation
D) Erosion
- 9. Which type of weathering involves the physical breaking of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition?
A) Mechanical weathering
B) Hydraulic weathering
C) Chemical weathering
D) Biological weathering
- 10. What type of erosion occurs when sediment is transported by the movement of glaciers?
A) Glacial erosion
B) Wave erosion
C) Coastal erosion
D) Wind erosion
- 11. Which of the following is a method to prevent soil erosion involving plowing across the slope of a hill?
A) Overgrazing
B) Terracing
C) Contour plowing
D) Strip-cropping
- 12. Which agent of erosion primarily shapes desert landscapes?
A) Wind
B) Gravity
C) Ice
D) Water
- 13. What is the term for the grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind?
A) Oxidation
B) Corrasion
C) Hydration
D) Abrasion
- 14. What type of weathering occurs when iron-bearing minerals react with oxygen and water?
A) Hydration
B) Oxidation
C) Carbonation
D) Acidification
- 15. Which of the following is a form of soil conservation that aims to prevent water erosion by creating steps on slopes?
A) Terracing
B) Strip cropping
C) No-till farming
D) Contour plowing
- 16. What landform is an accumulation of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river?
A) Delta
B) Moraine
C) Mesa
D) Horn
- 17. What geological feature is a large, elongated ridge of sand and gravel deposited by a melting glacier?
A) Esker
B) Drumlin
C) Kettle
D) Horn
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