DSALGO-reviewer(midterm)
  • 1. Which type of tree ensures that the left subtree contains only nodes with values less than the root node, and the right subtree contains nodes with values greater than the root node?
A) AVL tree
B) Red-Black tree
C) B-tree
D) binary search tree (BST)
  • 2. In a binary tree, what is the depth of a node?
A) The value of the node
B) The height of the node
C) The number of nodes on the path from the root to that node
D) The number of levels in the tree
  • 3. Which type of tree has a special condition that the left subtree is less than the root, and the right subtree is greater than the root?
A) B-tree
B) Red-Black tree
C) AVL tree
D) Binary search tree (BST)
  • 4. Which traversal of a binary tree visits the left subtree, then the right subtree, and finally the root?
A) Postorder
B) Inorder
C) Preorder
D) Level order
  • 5. Which node in a tree is at the top and has no parent?
A) Sibling node
B) Leaf node
C) Root node
D) Internal node
  • 6. What is the depth of a tree?
A) The number of edges from the root to the deepest leaf
B) The maximum number of children of any node
C) The height of the tree
D) The total number of nodes
  • 7. In a binary tree, each node can have a maximum of how many children?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
  • 8. Which tree structure is used in database indexing to optimize search and retrieval operations?
A) Trie
B) B-tree
C) AVL tree
D) Binary search tree
  • 9. Which type of tree is used in balancing binary search trees to maintain their height and performance?
A) B-tree
B) Trie
C) AVL tree
D) Binary tree
  • 10. Which traversal of a binary tree visits the left subtree, then the root, and finally the right subtree?
A) Postorder
B) Preorder
C) Inorder
D) Level order
  • 11. What is the height of a tree? *
A) The number of leaves in the tree
B) The distance from the root to the deepest leaf
C) The maximum number of children a node can have
D) The number of nodes in the tree
  • 12. Which traversal of a binary tree visits the root first, then the left subtree, and finally the right subtree?
A) Level order
B) Preorder
C) Inorder
D) Postorder
  • 13. A node in a binary tree with no children is known as a:
A) Unary node
B) Internal node
C) Leaf node
D) Sibling node
  • 14. What is a tree in data structures?
A) A hierarchical data structure
B) A graph
C) A linear data structure
D) A hash table
  • 15. In a binary tree, if a node has only one child, is it a left child or a right child?
A) It cannot have only one child.
B) It must be a right child.
C) It could be either a left or a right child.
D) It must be a left child.
  • 16. What is the primary purpose of a binary search tree (BST)?
A) To ensure the tree is balanced
B) To minimize the height of the tree
C) To store data in a sorted order
D) To store data in a random order
  • 17. In a binary tree, a node with only one child is called a:
A) Leaf node
B) Internal node
C) Unary node
D) Sibling node
  • 18. In a balanced binary search tree, what is the height typically restricted to?
A) Constant
B) Logarithmic in the number of nodes
C) Quadratic in the number of nodes
D) Linear in the number of nodes
  • 19. In graph terminology, what is a "path"?
A) A cycle without any vertices
B) A route connecting two nodes
C) A set of all nodes in the graph
D) A collection of edges
  • 20. What characterizes a connected graph?
A) All vertices are reachable from one another
B) It has multiple components
C) It is a directed graph only
D) There are no edges
  • 21. What is a graph?
A) A type of tree
B) A collection of nodes and edges
C) A linear data structure
D) A collection of arrays
  • 22. Which algorithm is commonly used to find the shortest path in a weighted graph?
A) Dijkstra's algorithm
B) Depth-first search
C) Kruskal's algorithm
D) Prim's algorithm
  • 23. What does a bipartite graph consist of?
A) Two sets of vertices where edges only connect nodes from different sets
B) Vertices that form a cycle
C) A single set of vertices
D) Only one vertex
  • 24. What is the degree of a vertex in a graph?
A) The total number of vertices in the graph
B) The distance to the farthest vertex
C) The number of paths from that vertex
D) The number of edges connected to it
  • 25. What does the term "adjacency" refer to in graph theory?
A) The number of vertices in a graph
B) The distance between two vertices
C) The total number of edges
D) A connection between two vertices
  • 26. In a directed graph, an edge has a direction. What does this imply?
A) The edge does not exist
B) The edge connects two nodes of different types
C) The edge can be traversed in both ways
D) The edge can only be traversed in one way
  • 27. In an undirected graph, how many edges can connect two vertices?
A) Exactly 2
B) Infinite
C) 0 or 1
D) 1 or more
  • 28. What is a weighted graph?
A) A graph where all edges have the same weight
B) A graph with no edges
C) A graph where edges have values associated with them
D) A graph where vertices have weights
  • 29. What is the purpose of an adjacency matrix?
A) To perform sorting operations.
B) To represent node and edge connectivity in a graph.
C) To store edge weights only.
D) To simplify graph traversal.
  • 30. What is a connected graph?
A) A graph where all vertices are connected by edges
B) A graph that can be divided into two or more subgraphs
C) A graph that contains cycles
D) A graph with no edges
  • 31. In a "simple graph," which of the following characteristics holds true?
A) It is always directed.
B) It contains at least one cycle.
C) It allows weighted edges.
D) It has no parallel edges or self-loops.
  • 32. What is a cycle in a graph?
A) A graph with no edges
B) A disconnected graph
C) A path that visits every vertex
D) A closed path where the starting and ending vertices are the same
  • 33. Which data structure is commonly used to represent a graph?
A) Adjacency matrix
B) Stack
C) Linked list
D) Array only
  • 34. What type of graph has all pairs of vertices connected by exactly one edge?
A) Undirected Graph
B) Complete Graph
C) Directed Graph
D) Bipartite Graph
  • 35. What type of graph can be divided into two disjoint sets where each edge connects a vertex from one set to the other?
A) Directed Graph
B) Bipartite Graph
C) Complete Graph
D) Weighted Graph
  • 36. What is a Queue?
A) A data type in C++
B) A hierarchical data structure
C) A linear data structure
D) A non-linear data structure
  • 37. In a queue, which item gets removed first?
A) The last item added
B) The item in the middle
C) The item at random
D) The first item added
  • 38. What is the process of adding an element to a queue called?
A) Enqueue
B) Pop
C) Dequeue
D) Push
  • 39. What is the process of removing an element from a queue called?
A) Dequeue
B) Pop
C) Push
D) Enqueue
  • 40. Which data structure follows the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle?
A) tree
B) queue
C) linked list
D) stack
  • 41. Which of the following operations are typically performed on a queue?
A) Insertion and deletion at both ends
B) Insertion at one end and deletion at the other end
C) Only insertion
D) Only deletion
  • 42. In a circular queue, what happens when you reach the end of the queue and want to add more elements?
A) An error is generated
B) Elements are added at the end of the queue
C) Elements are discarded
D) Elements are added at the beginning of the queue
  • 43. Which of the following is not a type of queue?
A) Deque
B) Circular Queue
C) Banana queue
D) Priority Queue
  • 44. What is the time complexity of enqueue and dequeue operations in a basic queue implemented using an array?
A) O(1) for both enqueue and dequeue
B) O(n) for both enqueue and dequeue
C) O(n) for both enqueue and dequeue
D) O(n) for enqueue and O(1) for dequeue
  • 45. Which of the following is not a valid method to implement a queue?
A) Using linked lists
B) Using stacks
C) Using arrays
D) Using dynamic arrays
  • 46. What is a priority queue?
A) A queue that processes elements in a random order
B) A queue in which elements are processed based on their priority
C) A queue that gives priority to older elements
D) A queue with a fixed size
  • 47. Which data structure is commonly used to implement a priority queue?
A) Stack
B) Circular queue
C) Queue
D) Binary heap
  • 48. What is the primary difference between a regular queue and a double-ended queue (deque)?
A) A deque can only enqueue elements at the front.
B) A regular queue is faster than a deque.
C) A deque can only dequeue elements from the front.
D) A deque can enqueue and dequeue elements at both ends.
  • 49. In a priority queue, which element gets processed first?
A) The element added least recently
B) The element with the highest priority
C) The element added most recently
D) The element with the lowest priority
  • 50. Which type of queue allows elements to be inserted and removed from both ends, like a deck of cards?
A) Priority Queue
B) Normal Queue
C) deque
D) Circular Queue
  • 51. Which data structure can be used to implement a queue with a fixed size and overwrite old elements when it's full?
A) Deque
B) Stack
C) Priority Queue
D) Circular Queue
  • 52. What is the size of a queue after enqueueing n elements and then dequeuing m elements, where m > n?
A) m
B) 0
C) n-m
D) n
  • 53. In a priority queue, if two elements have the same priority, how are they typically handled?
A) The first element added is processed first.
B) They are processed in a random order.
C) The order is implementation-specific.
D) The last element added is processed first.
  • 54. Which of the following is not a common application of a queue data structure?
A) Breadth-first search (BFS)
B) Print spooling
C) Sorting algorithms
D) Undo functionality in text editors
  • 55. Which operation can be performed in constant time (O(1)) on a well-implemented queue?
A) Enqueue
B) Both enqueue and dequeue
C) Dequeue
D) None of the above
  • 56. In a double-ended queue (deque), which operation allows you to retrieve the element at the front without removing it?
A) remove_front()
B) pop_front()
C) dequeue()
D) front()
  • 57. What is the primary advantage of using a circular queue over a basic queue?
A) Simpler implementation
B) Better memory utilization
C) No advantage; they are equivalent
D) Faster enqueue operation
  • 58. Which data structure is often used to implement a queue with a maximum size, where adding elements beyond the limit removes the oldest elements?
A) Priority Queue
B) Circular Queue
C) Cache
D) Deque
  • 59. What is the term used to describe a queue that allows elements to be added and removed at both ends, but does not have a fixed size?
A) Deque
B) Priority Queue
C) Circular Queue
D) Stack
  • 60. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using an array-based implementation for a queue?
A) It may lead to wasted memory for a large maximum size.
B) It is not suitable for implementing a priority queue.
C) It allows for dynamic sizing.
D) It has faster enqueue and dequeue operations.
  • 61. In a priority queue, which element will be removed first?
A) The first element added
B) The element with the lowest value
C) The element with the highest value
D) The last element added
  • 62. Which type of queue allows elements to be processed in the order they were added?
A) Normal Queue
B) Circular Queue
C) Priority Queue
D) Deque
  • 63. What data structure can be used to efficiently implement a priority queue that allows fast insertion and removal of elements with the highest priority?
A) Linked List
B) Stack
C) Binary Tree
D) heap data structure
  • 64. In a double-ended queue (deque), which operation allows you to retrieve the element at the back without removing it?
A) pop_back()
B) back()
C) remove_back()
D) dequeue()
  • 65. Which type of queue allows elements to be processed based on their age, with older elements processed first?
A) Age-Ordered Queue
B) Circular Queue
C) Normal Queue
D) Priority Queue
  • 66. In a circular queue, how do you detect that the queue is full?
A) Compare the rear and front pointers modulo the queue size.
B) Check if the rear pointer is ahead of the front pointer by 1.
C) Circular queues cannot be full.
D) Check if the front pointer is ahead of the rear pointer by 1.
  • 67. In a priority queue, what happens when two elements have the same priority and are removed?
A) It's implementation-dependent.
B) The element added first is removed.
C) The element with the lower value is removed.
D) The element with the higher value is removed.
  • 68. Which is not a Characteristics of an Algorithm
A) Feasibility
B) Unambiguous
C) Output
D) Dependent
E) Input
  • 69. This signifies the total time required by the program to run till its completion.
A) Efficiency
B) Abstraction
C) Time complexity
D) Space Complexity
E) Reusability
  • 70. This is the amount of memory used by the algorithm (including the input values to the algorithm) to execute and produce the result.
A) Space Complexity
B) Abstraction
C) Time complexity
D) Reusability
E) Efficiency
  • 71. once we have implemented a particular data structure, we can use it at any other place.
A) Time complexity
B) Efficiency
C) Reusability
D) Abstraction
  • 72. This characteristic describes whether the data items are arranged in chronological sequence, such as with an array, or in an unordered sequence, such as with a graph.
A) Homogeneous or non-homogeneous
B) Linear or non-linear
C) Static or dynamic
  • 73. This characteristic describes whether all data items in a given repository are of the same type or of various types.
A) Homogeneous or non-homogeneous
B) Linear or non-linear
C) Static or dynamic
  • 74. This characteristic describes how the data structures are compiled.
A) Static or dynamic
B) Linear or non-linear
C) Homogeneous or non-homogeneous
  • 75. This is broadly defined as the process of organizing data by relevant categories so that it may be used and protected more efficiently.
A) Content
B) User
C) Data classification
D) Context
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