DSALGO-reviewer(midterm)
  • 1. Which type of tree ensures that the left subtree contains only nodes with values less than the root node, and the right subtree contains nodes with values greater than the root node?
A) AVL tree
B) binary search tree (BST)
C) B-tree
D) Red-Black tree
  • 2. In a binary tree, what is the depth of a node?
A) The value of the node
B) The height of the node
C) The number of levels in the tree
D) The number of nodes on the path from the root to that node
  • 3. Which type of tree has a special condition that the left subtree is less than the root, and the right subtree is greater than the root?
A) Red-Black tree
B) B-tree
C) AVL tree
D) Binary search tree (BST)
  • 4. Which traversal of a binary tree visits the left subtree, then the right subtree, and finally the root?
A) Postorder
B) Inorder
C) Level order
D) Preorder
  • 5. Which node in a tree is at the top and has no parent?
A) Leaf node
B) Root node
C) Sibling node
D) Internal node
  • 6. What is the depth of a tree?
A) The height of the tree
B) The maximum number of children of any node
C) The number of edges from the root to the deepest leaf
D) The total number of nodes
  • 7. In a binary tree, each node can have a maximum of how many children?
A) 2
B) 1
C) 3
D) 0
  • 8. Which tree structure is used in database indexing to optimize search and retrieval operations?
A) AVL tree
B) B-tree
C) Trie
D) Binary search tree
  • 9. Which type of tree is used in balancing binary search trees to maintain their height and performance?
A) Trie
B) Binary tree
C) B-tree
D) AVL tree
  • 10. Which traversal of a binary tree visits the left subtree, then the root, and finally the right subtree?
A) Postorder
B) Level order
C) Preorder
D) Inorder
  • 11. What is the height of a tree? *
A) The number of leaves in the tree
B) The number of nodes in the tree
C) The maximum number of children a node can have
D) The distance from the root to the deepest leaf
  • 12. Which traversal of a binary tree visits the root first, then the left subtree, and finally the right subtree?
A) Level order
B) Preorder
C) Postorder
D) Inorder
  • 13. A node in a binary tree with no children is known as a:
A) Leaf node
B) Unary node
C) Sibling node
D) Internal node
  • 14. What is a tree in data structures?
A) A linear data structure
B) A graph
C) A hash table
D) A hierarchical data structure
  • 15. In a binary tree, if a node has only one child, is it a left child or a right child?
A) It must be a left child.
B) It cannot have only one child.
C) It could be either a left or a right child.
D) It must be a right child.
  • 16. What is the primary purpose of a binary search tree (BST)?
A) To store data in a random order
B) To ensure the tree is balanced
C) To minimize the height of the tree
D) To store data in a sorted order
  • 17. In a binary tree, a node with only one child is called a:
A) Unary node
B) Leaf node
C) Internal node
D) Sibling node
  • 18. In a balanced binary search tree, what is the height typically restricted to?
A) Logarithmic in the number of nodes
B) Quadratic in the number of nodes
C) Constant
D) Linear in the number of nodes
  • 19. In graph terminology, what is a "path"?
A) A route connecting two nodes
B) A collection of edges
C) A cycle without any vertices
D) A set of all nodes in the graph
  • 20. What characterizes a connected graph?
A) It has multiple components
B) It is a directed graph only
C) All vertices are reachable from one another
D) There are no edges
  • 21. What is a graph?
A) A linear data structure
B) A type of tree
C) A collection of arrays
D) A collection of nodes and edges
  • 22. Which algorithm is commonly used to find the shortest path in a weighted graph?
A) Depth-first search
B) Dijkstra's algorithm
C) Kruskal's algorithm
D) Prim's algorithm
  • 23. What does a bipartite graph consist of?
A) Only one vertex
B) A single set of vertices
C) Two sets of vertices where edges only connect nodes from different sets
D) Vertices that form a cycle
  • 24. What is the degree of a vertex in a graph?
A) The distance to the farthest vertex
B) The number of edges connected to it
C) The number of paths from that vertex
D) The total number of vertices in the graph
  • 25. What does the term "adjacency" refer to in graph theory?
A) The number of vertices in a graph
B) The distance between two vertices
C) The total number of edges
D) A connection between two vertices
  • 26. In a directed graph, an edge has a direction. What does this imply?
A) The edge does not exist
B) The edge can only be traversed in one way
C) The edge can be traversed in both ways
D) The edge connects two nodes of different types
  • 27. In an undirected graph, how many edges can connect two vertices?
A) 1 or more
B) Exactly 2
C) Infinite
D) 0 or 1
  • 28. What is a weighted graph?
A) A graph where all edges have the same weight
B) A graph with no edges
C) A graph where edges have values associated with them
D) A graph where vertices have weights
  • 29. What is the purpose of an adjacency matrix?
A) To store edge weights only.
B) To represent node and edge connectivity in a graph.
C) To perform sorting operations.
D) To simplify graph traversal.
  • 30. What is a connected graph?
A) A graph where all vertices are connected by edges
B) A graph that contains cycles
C) A graph that can be divided into two or more subgraphs
D) A graph with no edges
  • 31. In a "simple graph," which of the following characteristics holds true?
A) It contains at least one cycle.
B) It allows weighted edges.
C) It has no parallel edges or self-loops.
D) It is always directed.
  • 32. What is a cycle in a graph?
A) A closed path where the starting and ending vertices are the same
B) A graph with no edges
C) A disconnected graph
D) A path that visits every vertex
  • 33. Which data structure is commonly used to represent a graph?
A) Stack
B) Array only
C) Adjacency matrix
D) Linked list
  • 34. What type of graph has all pairs of vertices connected by exactly one edge?
A) Bipartite Graph
B) Undirected Graph
C) Directed Graph
D) Complete Graph
  • 35. What type of graph can be divided into two disjoint sets where each edge connects a vertex from one set to the other?
A) Weighted Graph
B) Complete Graph
C) Bipartite Graph
D) Directed Graph
  • 36. What is a Queue?
A) A non-linear data structure
B) A linear data structure
C) A data type in C++
D) A hierarchical data structure
  • 37. In a queue, which item gets removed first?
A) The item in the middle
B) The first item added
C) The last item added
D) The item at random
  • 38. What is the process of adding an element to a queue called?
A) Pop
B) Enqueue
C) Push
D) Dequeue
  • 39. What is the process of removing an element from a queue called?
A) Pop
B) Push
C) Dequeue
D) Enqueue
  • 40. Which data structure follows the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle?
A) linked list
B) tree
C) queue
D) stack
  • 41. Which of the following operations are typically performed on a queue?
A) Only insertion
B) Insertion at one end and deletion at the other end
C) Only deletion
D) Insertion and deletion at both ends
  • 42. In a circular queue, what happens when you reach the end of the queue and want to add more elements?
A) An error is generated
B) Elements are added at the beginning of the queue
C) Elements are discarded
D) Elements are added at the end of the queue
  • 43. Which of the following is not a type of queue?
A) Deque
B) Circular Queue
C) Priority Queue
D) Banana queue
  • 44. What is the time complexity of enqueue and dequeue operations in a basic queue implemented using an array?
A) O(n) for enqueue and O(1) for dequeue
B) O(n) for both enqueue and dequeue
C) O(1) for both enqueue and dequeue
D) O(n) for both enqueue and dequeue
  • 45. Which of the following is not a valid method to implement a queue?
A) Using arrays
B) Using linked lists
C) Using dynamic arrays
D) Using stacks
  • 46. What is a priority queue?
A) A queue in which elements are processed based on their priority
B) A queue with a fixed size
C) A queue that gives priority to older elements
D) A queue that processes elements in a random order
  • 47. Which data structure is commonly used to implement a priority queue?
A) Queue
B) Circular queue
C) Binary heap
D) Stack
  • 48. What is the primary difference between a regular queue and a double-ended queue (deque)?
A) A deque can only dequeue elements from the front.
B) A deque can only enqueue elements at the front.
C) A deque can enqueue and dequeue elements at both ends.
D) A regular queue is faster than a deque.
  • 49. In a priority queue, which element gets processed first?
A) The element with the highest priority
B) The element with the lowest priority
C) The element added most recently
D) The element added least recently
  • 50. Which type of queue allows elements to be inserted and removed from both ends, like a deck of cards?
A) Priority Queue
B) deque
C) Circular Queue
D) Normal Queue
  • 51. Which data structure can be used to implement a queue with a fixed size and overwrite old elements when it's full?
A) Deque
B) Stack
C) Priority Queue
D) Circular Queue
  • 52. What is the size of a queue after enqueueing n elements and then dequeuing m elements, where m > n?
A) n-m
B) m
C) n
D) 0
  • 53. In a priority queue, if two elements have the same priority, how are they typically handled?
A) The first element added is processed first.
B) The last element added is processed first.
C) The order is implementation-specific.
D) They are processed in a random order.
  • 54. Which of the following is not a common application of a queue data structure?
A) Sorting algorithms
B) Breadth-first search (BFS)
C) Undo functionality in text editors
D) Print spooling
  • 55. Which operation can be performed in constant time (O(1)) on a well-implemented queue?
A) None of the above
B) Both enqueue and dequeue
C) Dequeue
D) Enqueue
  • 56. In a double-ended queue (deque), which operation allows you to retrieve the element at the front without removing it?
A) dequeue()
B) pop_front()
C) front()
D) remove_front()
  • 57. What is the primary advantage of using a circular queue over a basic queue?
A) Faster enqueue operation
B) No advantage; they are equivalent
C) Better memory utilization
D) Simpler implementation
  • 58. Which data structure is often used to implement a queue with a maximum size, where adding elements beyond the limit removes the oldest elements?
A) Cache
B) Deque
C) Priority Queue
D) Circular Queue
  • 59. What is the term used to describe a queue that allows elements to be added and removed at both ends, but does not have a fixed size?
A) Deque
B) Circular Queue
C) Priority Queue
D) Stack
  • 60. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using an array-based implementation for a queue?
A) It has faster enqueue and dequeue operations.
B) It allows for dynamic sizing.
C) It may lead to wasted memory for a large maximum size.
D) It is not suitable for implementing a priority queue.
  • 61. In a priority queue, which element will be removed first?
A) The element with the highest value
B) The last element added
C) The element with the lowest value
D) The first element added
  • 62. Which type of queue allows elements to be processed in the order they were added?
A) Normal Queue
B) Priority Queue
C) Circular Queue
D) Deque
  • 63. What data structure can be used to efficiently implement a priority queue that allows fast insertion and removal of elements with the highest priority?
A) Linked List
B) Stack
C) Binary Tree
D) heap data structure
  • 64. In a double-ended queue (deque), which operation allows you to retrieve the element at the back without removing it?
A) dequeue()
B) back()
C) pop_back()
D) remove_back()
  • 65. Which type of queue allows elements to be processed based on their age, with older elements processed first?
A) Priority Queue
B) Circular Queue
C) Normal Queue
D) Age-Ordered Queue
  • 66. In a circular queue, how do you detect that the queue is full?
A) Circular queues cannot be full.
B) Check if the rear pointer is ahead of the front pointer by 1.
C) Check if the front pointer is ahead of the rear pointer by 1.
D) Compare the rear and front pointers modulo the queue size.
  • 67. In a priority queue, what happens when two elements have the same priority and are removed?
A) The element with the lower value is removed.
B) It's implementation-dependent.
C) The element added first is removed.
D) The element with the higher value is removed.
  • 68. Which is not a Characteristics of an Algorithm
A) Unambiguous
B) Input
C) Output
D) Feasibility
E) Dependent
  • 69. This signifies the total time required by the program to run till its completion.
A) Reusability
B) Space Complexity
C) Efficiency
D) Abstraction
E) Time complexity
  • 70. This is the amount of memory used by the algorithm (including the input values to the algorithm) to execute and produce the result.
A) Efficiency
B) Abstraction
C) Space Complexity
D) Time complexity
E) Reusability
  • 71. once we have implemented a particular data structure, we can use it at any other place.
A) Time complexity
B) Efficiency
C) Abstraction
D) Reusability
  • 72. This characteristic describes whether the data items are arranged in chronological sequence, such as with an array, or in an unordered sequence, such as with a graph.
A) Homogeneous or non-homogeneous
B) Static or dynamic
C) Linear or non-linear
  • 73. This characteristic describes whether all data items in a given repository are of the same type or of various types.
A) Homogeneous or non-homogeneous
B) Static or dynamic
C) Linear or non-linear
  • 74. This characteristic describes how the data structures are compiled.
A) Static or dynamic
B) Linear or non-linear
C) Homogeneous or non-homogeneous
  • 75. This is broadly defined as the process of organizing data by relevant categories so that it may be used and protected more efficiently.
A) Context
B) User
C) Content
D) Data classification
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