- 1. The philosophy of psychology is a branch of philosophy that explores fundamental questions about the nature of the mind, the relationship between the mind and the brain, and the ways in which we can understand and investigate mental processes. It delves into issues such as consciousness, perception, memory, emotions, and the philosophical foundations of psychological theories and practices. Philosophers of psychology examine concepts like free will, determinism, and the nature of mental causation, as well as the ethical implications of psychological research and interventions. By engaging with both philosophical and psychological perspectives, the philosophy of psychology seeks to enrich our understanding of the human mind and the complexities of mental life.
What is introspection?
A) Manipulating external stimuli to observe behavior
B) Examining and reporting one's own conscious thoughts and feelings
C) Analyzing unconscious drives and desires
D) Studying group behavior in social settings
- 2. Who introduced the concept of classical conditioning in psychology?
A) Carl Jung
B) Jean Piaget
C) Erik Erikson
D) Ivan Pavlov
- 3. Which philosopher is associated with the concept of tabula rasa?
A) John Locke
B) David Hume
C) Immanuel Kant
D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 4. Who proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance?
A) B.F. Skinner
B) Herbert Simon
C) Leon Festinger
D) Albert Bandura
- 5. Who is known for the concept of archetypes in psychology?
A) Carl Jung
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Erik Erikson
D) Ivan Pavlov
- 6. What is the primary focus of behaviorism?
A) Observable behavior
B) Personal growth
C) Unconscious desires
D) Humanistic potential
- 7. Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Rogers
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Jean Piaget
- 8. What is the concept of self-actualization associated with?
A) Humanistic psychology
B) Behaviorism
C) Cognitive psychology
D) Psychoanalysis
- 9. What does the biopsychosocial model of psychology consider in understanding human behavior?
A) Behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns
B) Physical, mental, and emotional health
C) Biological, psychological, and social factors
D) Spiritual, emotional, and cognitive processes
- 10. Who developed the theory of cognitive development in children known as schemas?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Jean Piaget
C) John Bowlby
D) Lev Vygotsky
- 11. What is the primary focus of social psychology?
A) How individuals are influenced by and interact with others
B) Human potential and personal growth
C) Observable behaviors and stimuli
D) Unconscious motivations and desires
- 12. What is the bystander effect in social psychology?
A) Tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency when others are present
B) Prejudice and discrimination based on social categories
C) Impact of cultural norms on social behavior
D) Influence of group dynamics on decision-making
- 13. Who is known as the father of modern psychology?
A) John Watson
B) William James
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) Sigmund Freud
- 14. In psychology, what does the term 'cognition' refer to?
A) Behavioral responses to stimuli
B) Biological functions of the brain
C) Physical movement of the body
D) The mental process of acquiring knowledge
- 15. Which term describes the tendency to seek out information that aligns with our pre-existing beliefs?
A) Social learning
B) Confirmation bias
C) Selective attention
D) Operant conditioning
- 16. According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
A) Superego
B) Id
C) Ego
D) Conscious mind
- 17. What is the term for the psychological defense mechanism where individuals attribute their undesirable traits to others?
A) Displacement
B) Denial
C) Regression
D) Projection
- 18. Who is known for the concept of the 'Hierarchy of Needs' in psychology?
A) Abraham Maslow
B) Jean Piaget
C) Carl Rogers
D) Erik Erikson
- 19. Which psychologist is associated with the concept of 'self-efficacy'?
A) Erik Erikson
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Albert Bandura
- 20. What is the term for the process of receiving and interpreting information from the environment?
A) Perception
B) Memory
C) Attention
D) Imagery
- 21. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotions?
A) James-Lange theory
B) Facial feedback hypothesis
C) Cannon-Bard theory
D) Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
- 22. Who developed the concept of 'Operant Conditioning'?
A) B.F. Skinner
B) John Watson
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Erik Erikson
- 23. What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?
A) Fundamental attribution error
B) Hindsight bias
C) False consensus effect
D) Self-serving bias
- 24. Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation?
A) Depression
B) Schizophrenia
C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
D) Phobia
- 25. Psychological research has shown that people often rely on mental shortcuts called ______ to make decisions quickly.
A) Cognitive schemas
B) Algorithms
C) Heuristics
D) Confirmation bias
- 26. Which term refers to the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in the brain?
A) Perception
B) Memory
C) Learning
D) Cognition
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