- 1. The philosophy of psychology is a branch of philosophy that explores fundamental questions about the nature of the mind, the relationship between the mind and the brain, and the ways in which we can understand and investigate mental processes. It delves into issues such as consciousness, perception, memory, emotions, and the philosophical foundations of psychological theories and practices. Philosophers of psychology examine concepts like free will, determinism, and the nature of mental causation, as well as the ethical implications of psychological research and interventions. By engaging with both philosophical and psychological perspectives, the philosophy of psychology seeks to enrich our understanding of the human mind and the complexities of mental life.
What is introspection?
A) Studying group behavior in social settings
B) Analyzing unconscious drives and desires
C) Examining and reporting one's own conscious thoughts and feelings
D) Manipulating external stimuli to observe behavior
- 2. Who introduced the concept of classical conditioning in psychology?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Erik Erikson
C) Carl Jung
D) Jean Piaget
- 3. Which philosopher is associated with the concept of tabula rasa?
A) Immanuel Kant
B) John Locke
C) David Hume
D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 4. Who proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance?
A) Albert Bandura
B) Herbert Simon
C) B.F. Skinner
D) Leon Festinger
- 5. Who is known for the concept of archetypes in psychology?
A) Carl Jung
B) Erik Erikson
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Ivan Pavlov
- 6. What is the primary focus of behaviorism?
A) Observable behavior
B) Personal growth
C) Humanistic potential
D) Unconscious desires
- 7. Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Carl Rogers
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Sigmund Freud
- 8. What is the concept of self-actualization associated with?
A) Cognitive psychology
B) Humanistic psychology
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Behaviorism
- 9. What does the biopsychosocial model of psychology consider in understanding human behavior?
A) Physical, mental, and emotional health
B) Biological, psychological, and social factors
C) Spiritual, emotional, and cognitive processes
D) Behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns
- 10. Who developed the theory of cognitive development in children known as schemas?
A) John Bowlby
B) Erik Erikson
C) Jean Piaget
D) Lev Vygotsky
- 11. What is the primary focus of social psychology?
A) Human potential and personal growth
B) How individuals are influenced by and interact with others
C) Observable behaviors and stimuli
D) Unconscious motivations and desires
- 12. What is the bystander effect in social psychology?
A) Tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency when others are present
B) Influence of group dynamics on decision-making
C) Prejudice and discrimination based on social categories
D) Impact of cultural norms on social behavior
- 13. Who is known as the father of modern psychology?
A) Wilhelm Wundt
B) William James
C) John Watson
D) Sigmund Freud
- 14. In psychology, what does the term 'cognition' refer to?
A) Physical movement of the body
B) Biological functions of the brain
C) Behavioral responses to stimuli
D) The mental process of acquiring knowledge
- 15. Which term describes the tendency to seek out information that aligns with our pre-existing beliefs?
A) Confirmation bias
B) Social learning
C) Selective attention
D) Operant conditioning
- 16. According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
A) Superego
B) Conscious mind
C) Id
D) Ego
- 17. What is the term for the psychological defense mechanism where individuals attribute their undesirable traits to others?
A) Regression
B) Denial
C) Projection
D) Displacement
- 18. Who is known for the concept of the 'Hierarchy of Needs' in psychology?
A) Abraham Maslow
B) Jean Piaget
C) Carl Rogers
D) Erik Erikson
- 19. Which psychologist is associated with the concept of 'self-efficacy'?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Albert Bandura
D) Erik Erikson
- 20. What is the term for the process of receiving and interpreting information from the environment?
A) Imagery
B) Perception
C) Memory
D) Attention
- 21. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotions?
A) Cannon-Bard theory
B) James-Lange theory
C) Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
D) Facial feedback hypothesis
- 22. Who developed the concept of 'Operant Conditioning'?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) B.F. Skinner
C) John Watson
D) Erik Erikson
- 23. What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?
A) Fundamental attribution error
B) Self-serving bias
C) False consensus effect
D) Hindsight bias
- 24. Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation?
A) Phobia
B) Schizophrenia
C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
D) Depression
- 25. Psychological research has shown that people often rely on mental shortcuts called ______ to make decisions quickly.
A) Cognitive schemas
B) Confirmation bias
C) Heuristics
D) Algorithms
- 26. Which term refers to the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in the brain?
A) Learning
B) Perception
C) Cognition
D) Memory
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