- 1. Rocks are classified into three main types based on their formation processes: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, each exhibiting unique characteristics and properties. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava, resulting in textures that can be glassy, fine-grained, or coarse-grained depending on the cooling rate; examples include granite and basalt. Sedimentary rocks, on the other hand, are formed from the accumulation of sediment – which may consist of fragments of other rocks, minerals, and organic material – often layered over time, and are typically characterized by their strata and fossil content; common examples include sandstone, limestone, and shale. Lastly, metamorphic rocks result from the alteration of existing rocks due to heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids, leading to features such as foliation or banding; notable examples are schist, gneiss, and marble. Understanding these different types of rocks not only provides insight into the geological processes that shape our planet but also has practical applications in areas such as construction, resource extraction, and environmental science.
What are the three main types of rocks?
A) Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
B) Limestone, Sandstone, Granite
C) Igneous, Basaltic, Volcanic
D) Sedimentary, Tectonic, Chemical
- 2. Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma?
A) Organic rock
B) Metamorphic rock
C) Igneous rock
D) Sedimentary rock
- 3. Which type of rock is created through heat and pressure?
A) Sedimentary rock
B) Igneous rock
C) Metamorphic rock
D) Basalt rock
- 4. What are igneous rocks that form at the Earth's surface called?
A) Intrusive igneous rocks
B) Sedimentary rocks
C) Extrusive igneous rocks
D) Metamorphic rocks
- 5. What type of sedimentary rock is formed from broken fragments of other rocks?
A) Biological sedimentary rock
B) Metamorphic rock
C) Clastic sedimentary rock
D) Chemical sedimentary rock
- 6. What is the primary component of limestone?
A) Calcium carbonate
B) Clay
C) Silica
D) Iron oxide
- 7. Which type of rock is typically formed from ocean sediments?
A) Volcanic rock
B) Metamorphic rock
C) Igneous rock
D) Sedimentary rock
- 8. Which process leads to the formation of metamorphic rocks?
A) Weathering
B) Metamorphism
C) Lithification
D) Eruption
- 9. Which sedimentary rock is formed from organic material?
A) Coal
B) Conglomerate
C) Sandstone
D) Shale
- 10. What is the main mineral found in marble?
A) Feldspar
B) Mica
C) Calcite
D) Quartz
- 11. What is the study of rocks called?
A) Petrology
B) Geochemistry
C) Geology
D) Mineralogy
- 12. What is the main agent of chemical weathering?
A) Wind
B) Soil
C) Ice
D) Water
- 13. Which rock is primarily composed of sand-sized particles?
A) Shale
B) Sandstone
C) Granite
D) Limestone
- 14. Which of the following rocks is considered an extrusive igneous rock?
A) Basalt
B) Diorite
C) Gabbro
D) Granite
- 15. Which igneous rock is known for its glassy texture?
A) Pumice
B) Granite
C) Basalt
D) Obsidian
- 16. What is the term for molten rock below the Earth's surface?
A) Lava
B) Sediment
C) Granite
D) Magma
- 17. Which rock is primarily composed of calcium sulfate?
A) Granite
B) Slate
C) Calcite
D) Gypsum
- 18. What type of rock is most likely to show banding?
A) Pumice
B) Basalt
C) Sandstone
D) Gneiss
- 19. Which component is commonly found in sedimentary rocks?
A) Crystals
B) Magma
C) Gas bubbles
D) Fossils
- 20. Marble, a metamorphic rock, is formed from which original rock?
A) Sandstone
B) Limestone
C) Granite
D) Slate
- 21. Sedimentary rocks are often found in layers, which is known as _____?
A) Weathering
B) Cementation
C) Stratification
D) Foliation
- 22. What is the main process through which metamorphic rocks are formed?
A) Heat and pressure
B) Cooling
C) Erosion
D) Weathering
- 23. Which of the following is a common type of igneous rock?
A) Sandstone
B) Limestone
C) Slate
D) Granite
- 24. The rock cycle illustrates the transformation of rocks through which process?
A) Biological activity
B) Chemical reactions
C) Human activity
D) Geological processes
- 25. Which igneous rock is formed below the Earth's surface?
A) Volcanic
B) Extrusive
C) Sedimentary
D) Intrusive
- 26. Which igneous rock has a fine-grained texture?
A) Gabbro
B) Granite
C) Rhyolite
D) Diorite
- 27. Which type of metamorphic rock is formed from limestone?
A) Slate
B) Phyllite
C) Marble
D) Gneiss
- 28. What natural process mostly leads to the formation of sedimentary rocks?
A) Subduction
B) Compression
C) Melting
D) Erosion and deposition
- 29. Which igneous rock is known for its low density?
A) Gabbro
B) Pumice
C) Basalt
D) Diorite
- 30. Which process describes the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces?
A) Metamorphism
B) Weathering
C) Lithification
D) Erosion
- 31. Which of the following is a common use for sedimentary rocks?
A) Jewelry
B) Building materials
C) Electrical insulators
D) Fuel
- 32. What is the primary component of granite?
A) Shale
B) Basalt
C) Limestone
D) Quartz
- 33. What process leads to the formation of sedimentary rocks?
A) Crystallization
B) Volcanism
C) Lithification
D) Metamorphism
- 34. Which of the following rocks is classified as a foliate metamorphic rock?
A) Marble
B) Slate
C) Basalt
D) Sandstone
- 35. What type of sedimentary rock is formed from the compaction of clays and silts?
A) Chert
B) Sandstone
C) Conglomerate
D) Shale
- 36. Which rock is known for being formed from volcanic ash?
A) Granite
B) Tuff
C) Marble
D) Slate
- 37. Which mineral is commonly found in metamorphic rocks?
A) Calcite
B) Gypsum
C) Quartz
D) Mica
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