How to Identify and Classify Millipedes
  • 1. What class do millipedes belong to?
A) Diplopoda
B) Insecta
C) Arachnida
D) Chilopoda
  • 2. A key characteristic of millipedes is having how many legs per body segment?
A) One pair
B) None
C) Three pairs
D) Two pairs
  • 3. The term 'Diplopoda' refers to what?
A) Armored body
B) Hundred legs
C) Double foot
D) Many eyes
  • 4. Millipedes are primarily what type of feeders?
A) Parasites
B) Carnivores
C) Detritivores
D) Herbivores
  • 5. The hard outer covering of a millipede is called?
A) Integument
B) Endoskeleton
C) Cuticle
D) Exoskeleton
  • 6. What is the function of repugnatorial glands in some millipedes?
A) Reproduction
B) Defense
C) Respiration
D) Digestion
  • 7. What is the first segment behind the head called?
A) Telson
B) Collum
C) Pygidium
D) Cephalothorax
  • 8. What is the primary habitat of most millipedes?
A) Deserts
B) Aquatic environments
C) Arctic regions
D) Moist environments
  • 9. Millipedes breathe through which structures?
A) Spiracles
B) Lungs
C) Gills
D) Skin
  • 10. What term describes the shedding of the exoskeleton?
A) Estivation
B) Metamorphosis
C) Molting
D) Hibernation
  • 11. Which body part is used for identifying orders and species?
A) Gonopods
B) Antennae
C) Legs
D) Eyes
  • 12. Which order is characterized by having lateral keels?
A) Glomerida
B) Spirostreptida
C) Spirobolida
D) Polydesmida
  • 13. Which order of millipedes are known for their ability to roll into a ball?
A) Spirobolida
B) Glomerida
C) Polydesmida
D) Julida
  • 14. What is the function of ozopores?
A) Grasping food
B) Sensing the environment
C) Secretion of defensive fluids
D) Respiration
  • 15. The number of segments in a millipede body is generally what?
A) Fixed at 100
B) Variable
C) Fixed at 10
D) Fixed at 30
  • 16. Which order of millipedes often have cylindrical bodies?
A) Polydesmida
B) Glomerida
C) Spirobolida
D) Platydesmida
  • 17. Which type of microscope is commonly used for examining millipede genitalia?
A) Electron microscope
B) Stereo microscope
C) Darkfield microscope
D) Compound microscope
  • 18. Which feature is MOST important for accurate millipede classification?
A) Gonopod morphology
B) Body color
C) Habitat
D) Number of legs
  • 19. What does the term 'aposematic coloration' refer to?
A) Sexual dimorphism
B) Warning coloration
C) Mimicry
D) Camouflage
  • 20. Where are repugnatorial glands typically located?
A) At the tail
B) Along the body segments
C) On the head
D) On the legs
  • 21. What is the primary role of millipedes in the ecosystem?
A) Decomposition
B) Predation
C) Parasitism
D) Pollination
  • 22. What is a common defense mechanism of flat-backed millipedes (Polydesmida)?
A) Biting
B) Fast running
C) Rolling into a ball
D) Secretion of noxious chemicals
  • 23. Which feature is NOT helpful for identifying millipede species?
A) Gonopod structure
B) Number of ocelli
C) Habitat
D) Body segment shape
  • 24. What is the function of Tömösváry organs?
A) Sound sensing
B) Chemical sensing
C) Humidity sensing
D) Light sensing
  • 25. What is the approximate lifespan of most millipede species?
A) A few weeks
B) A few days
C) A few months
D) Several years
  • 26. Which continent has the highest millipede diversity?
A) North America
B) Asia
C) Europe
D) Africa
  • 27. What is the function of the gnathochilarium?
A) Mouthparts
B) Sensory organs
C) Defensive glands
D) Reproductive organs
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