- 1. War ethics, often considered a subset of moral philosophy and applied ethics, examines the moral principles and values that govern the conduct of warfare and the actions of individuals and states during times of armed conflict. This area of study encompasses critical issues such as the justification of war (jus ad bellum), the ethical limitations on the means and methods of warfare (jus in bello), and the accountability for war crimes and atrocities. Ethical questions arise regarding the justification of initiating conflict, where concepts such as national interest, self-defense, and humanitarian intervention come to the fore. Additionally, issues of proportionality and discrimination hold significant weight in discussing warfare conduct, dictating that combatants must distinguish between military targets and non-combatants, and must use force proportionate to the military advantage gained. The evolving nature of warfare, including the rise of drone warfare and cyber warfare, further complicates traditional ethical frameworks, introducing new challenges related to autonomy, responsibility, and the impact on civilian populations. In light of historical atrocities and contemporary conflicts, war ethics plays a crucial role in shaping international law, military conduct, and the broader public discourse surrounding peace and conflict, ultimately striving to minimize suffering and uphold human dignity even in the direst situations.
Which principle of just war theory addresses the reasons for going to war?
A) Jus ad bellum
B) Realism
C) Jus in bello
D) Jus post bellum
- 2. What does 'jus in bello' refer to?
A) Justice in the conduct of war
B) Justice after war
C) Justice before war
D) Economic justice
- 3. Which of the following is NOT a justification for war in just war theory?
A) Humanitarian intervention
B) Self-defense
C) Protection of national interests
D) Revenge
- 4. The principle of proportionality in war ethics refers to what?
A) The balance between military advantage and harm to civilians
B) Equal representation in negotiations
C) The economic cost of war
D) Proportion of troops deployed
- 5. Which philosopher is most associated with modern just war theory?
A) Thomas Hobbes
B) Michael Walzer
C) Carl von Clausewitz
D) Immanuel Kant
- 6. What is the concept of 'collateral damage'?
A) Unintended civilian harm during military operations
B) A type of war strategy
C) The cost of equipment lost in battle
D) The bombing of military targets
- 7. What is the 'Responsibility to Protect' (R2P) doctrine?
A) A guideline for economic sanctions
B) A military framework for intervention
C) A global commitment to prevent genocide and mass atrocities
D) A legal principle for war crimes
- 8. What does 'double effect' refer to in ethical decision-making during war?
A) Economic impacts of warfare
B) Harm to the environment
C) Costs of military operations
D) The principle that actions causing harm as a side effect can be permissible
- 9. What role do international laws play in war ethics?
A) They determine the outcome of battles
B) They dictate economic strategies
C) They provide a framework for acceptable conduct in warfare
D) They serve as guidelines for political negotiations
- 10. Which organization is dedicated to addressing war crimes and promoting international humanitarian law?
A) International Criminal Court (ICC)
B) NATO
C) United Nations
D) World Health Organization
- 11. What does the term 'war crime' encompass?
A) Serious violations of international humanitarian law
B) Acts of treason by soldiers
C) Any act of aggression in war
D) Political dissent during wartime
- 12. Which philosopher is most closely associated with the Just War Theory?
A) John Stuart Mill
B) St. Augustine
C) Immanuel Kant
D) Thomas Hobbes
- 13. What is a common ethical framework that opposes all forms of war?
A) Militarism
B) Pacifism
C) Constructivism
D) Realism
- 14. Which international document aims to protect victims of war?
A) NATO Agreement
B) UN Charter
C) Geneva Conventions
D) Hague Conventions
- 15. What is the ethical dilemma associated with drone warfare?
A) Distance from the battlefield reduces moral engagement
B) Low precision strikes
C) High cost of operation
D) Rapid deployment capabilities
- 16. Which ethical approach evaluates the consequences of a war?
A) Consequentialism
B) Virtue ethics
C) Rationalism
D) Deontological ethics
- 17. Which ethics framework prioritizes the moral duty of the individual?
A) Cynicism
B) Utilitarianism
C) Deontological ethics
D) Pragmatism
- 18. Which principle is violated by torture, even in wartime?
A) Moral relativism
B) Military efficiency
C) Human dignity
D) State sovereignty
- 19. Which ethical theory focuses on the character of the individual?
A) Virtue ethics
B) Utilitarianism
C) Consequentialism
D) Rationalism
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