- 1. The theological arguments for the existence of God and the concept of atonement can be viewed through several lenses, combining philosophical reasoning, historical context, and scriptural interpretation. Many theologians argue that the existence of God can be established through the cosmological argument, which posits that everything that begins to exist has a cause; since the universe began to exist, it must therefore have a transcendent cause, which is identified as God. Additionally, the teleological argument appeals to the complexity and order found in the universe, suggesting an intelligent designer. Atonement, on the other hand, is deeply rooted in religious texts and doctrines, particularly within Christianity, where it signifies the reconciliation between humanity and God through the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ. This concept is not only a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies but also serves as the linchpin of Christian soteriology, asserting that through Christ's atoning sacrifice, believers are granted forgiveness for their sins and restored to a right relationship with God. The interplay between these two theological constructs invites believers and skeptics alike to engage in a profound exploration of faith, reason, and the implications of divine grace in human existence.
What is the Cosmological Argument primarily concerned with?
A) Religious texts
B) The existence of the universe and its cause
C) Human experience
D) Moral values
- 2. Which philosopher is known for the moral argument for God's existence?
A) David Hume
B) Friedrich Nietzsche
C) Immanuel Kant
D) Thomas Aquinas
- 3. The ontological argument for God's existence was famously proposed by?
A) Anselm of Canterbury
B) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
C) René Descartes
D) John Locke
- 4. Which concept refers to God's self-disclosure through scripture and events?
A) Salvation
B) Atonement
C) Predestination
D) Revelation
- 5. Which theory suggests that Christ's death was a ransom payment to Satan?
A) Substitutionary atonement
B) Satisfaction theory
C) Moral influence theory
D) Ransom theory
- 6. In Christian belief, who is considered the atoning sacrifice?
A) Moses
B) Jesus Christ
C) John the Baptist
D) The Apostles
- 7. Which aspect does the Problem of Evil challenge in theistic belief?
A) The existence of an all-good, all-powerful God
B) The authority of scripture
C) The resurrection of Christ
D) The importance of faith
- 8. What is the significance of the resurrection in Christian atonement?
A) It demonstrates Jesus' teachings
B) It assures believers of eternal life
C) It serves as a moral example
D) It fulfills Old Testament prophecy
- 9. Who proposed that God could not exist if evil exists?
A) Epicurus
B) Anselm
C) Augustine of Hippo
D) Thomas Aquinas
- 10. What does 'substitutionary atonement' suggest?
A) Only good people can be saved
B) Atonement is automatic for everyone
C) Christ died in place of sinners
D) Christ's death was merely symbolic
- 11. What is a common objection to the there being many religions?
A) The existence of different scriptures
B) The emphasis on belief over practice
C) The diversity of rituals
D) The problem of conflicting truth claims
- 12. Which biblical verse is commonly cited for the basis of atonement?
A) Matthew 5:8
B) John 3:16
C) Genesis 1:1
D) Psalm 23
- 13. Which view suggests the atonement only influences moral behavior?
A) Moral influence theory
B) Ransom theory
C) Satisfaction theory
D) Substitutionary atonement
- 14. What is the primary purpose of revelation?
A) To establish doctrine
B) To communicate God's will to humanity
C) To create religious texts
D) To inspire moral greatness
- 15. The argument from contingency argues that everything depends on?
A) A random occurrence
B) Human will
C) A necessary being
D) Natural laws
- 16. Who articulated the transcendent nature of God?
A) Karl Barth
B) Thomas Aquinas
C) Dietrich Bonhoeffer
D) Blaise Pascal
- 17. What is the term for God's total involvement in creation?
A) Transcendence
B) Immanence
C) Eternity
D) Sovereignty
- 18. A key proponent of the Kalam Cosmological Argument is?
A) Richard Dawkins
B) Noam Chomsky
C) William Lane Craig
D) Sam Harris
- 19. Which theological model states God predetermined who would be saved?
A) Arminianism
B) Universalism
C) Predestination
D) Open theism
- 20. Which argument suggests that the design of the universe implies a designer?
A) Cosmological Argument.
B) Moral Argument.
C) Teleological Argument.
D) Ontological Argument.
- 21. Which concept is a key part of the Traditional Christian view of Atonement?
A) Moral exemplar theory.
B) Universalism.
C) Substitutionary atonement.
D) Purgatory.
- 22. The Teleological Argument is often summed up by which analogy?
A) The painter analogy.
B) The architect analogy.
C) The watchmaker analogy.
D) The sculptor analogy.
- 23. What is a common objection to the Teleological Argument?
A) Natural processes can explain complexity.
B) Moral values are evidence of God.
C) God is beyond logic.
D) Nothing can exist without cause.
- 24. Who introduced the concept of the 'Uncaused Cause'?
A) John Locke.
B) David Hume.
C) René Descartes.
D) Aristotle.
- 25. Which philosopher is known for arguing against the existence of a perfect God due to evil?
A) C.S. Lewis.
B) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
C) David Hume.
D) William Lane Craig.
- 26. Who is associated with the Moral Influence Theory of Atonement?
A) Augustine of Hippo
B) Peter Abelard
C) Martin Luther
D) John Calvin
- 27. Which type of Atonement theory emphasizes the victory over sin and death?
A) Christus Victor
B) Governmental Theory
C) Moral Influence
D) Substitutionary Atonement
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