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Look. Listen. Write the letter. TR: 7.1 Example: B 1) ____ 2) ____ 3) ____ 4) ____ 5) ____ 6) ____ Complete with the best word(s) from the box.curiosity descend headlamps risks ropes safety gearExample: Sometimes cavers’ curiosity leads them to new caves. Exploring new caves has (a)_______________, but (b)_______________ helps stop accidents and injuries. Once cavers have located a new cave, and before they (c)_______________ into the cave, they check their guidelines and (d)_______________. They also check that their (e)_______________ are working so they can see where they are going. Complete the sentence. Use the words in parentheses.Example: Headlamps must be worn (must / wear) in dark caves. 1. Some risks _____________________ (must not / take). 2. Food __________________ (have / carry) in a backpack for a long journey. 3. DNA __________________________ (must / analyze) with a DNA test. 4. Some mountains __________________________ (can’t / ascend) without a rope. 5. Stalagmites __________________________ (can / found) in caves. Choose the correct answer. ____ 1. Cristina is in a cave. Caves _____ her nervous.a. made b. make c. makes ____ 2. We’re exploring now. Exploring _____ us happy.a. made b. make c. makes ____ 3. Yesterday, crossing the river ______ us tired.a. made b. make c. makes ____ 4. We are at the top of a mountain. Heights ____ me scared!a. made b. make c. makes ____ 5. Yesterday, taking some risks _______ him proud.a. made b. make c. makes Unscramble the sentence.1. be / Safety / gear / cave / worn / inside / must / the / . 2. makes / Exploring / happy / Bella / . 3. must / not / headlamp / be / cave / entered / The / without / a / . 4. Tyler / make / Heights / nervous /. 5. alone / Explorers / enter / cannot / the / cave / . Discoveries in the Dark Explorer David Gill and his team are studying the beautiful island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea. Some of the biggest river caves on Earth can be found here. Before entering Ora Cave, the team checks their safety gear. They need headlamps to explore the dark world of river caves. And they can’t cross rivers without ropes. Ora’s upstream hike is difficult, and the river flows dangerously fast. Eventually it leads to a large cave, as big as a theater! The explorers shine their headlamps on the ceiling, which is more than 30 meters (100 feet) high. A beautiful blue lake lies below. David Gill hopes that one day the Papua New Guinea government will create a conservation area to protect this wonderful place. Read. Write T for True or F for False. ____ 1. The island of New Britain is in Papua New Guinea. ____ 2. The river caves on New Britain are very small. ____ 3. The river in Ora Cave is very slow. ____ 4. There is a blue lake in Ora Cave. ____ 5. David Gill says that one day the Papua New Guinea government will create a conservation area. Read. Japan’s Ice Cave Imagine using a cave as a refrigerator! Before electricity was invented, Japan’s ice cave, Narusawa Hyoketsu, did just that. Located near Mount Fuji, in Japan, are several underground lava caves. The caves were formed over 1,150 years ago after lava from the mountain flowed underground to create tunnels. Narusawa Hyoketsu, which means “ice cave”, is the largest cave in the area. This cave is covered with ice all year. To explore the cave, you must first use the stairs to descend 70 meters. A hard hat must be worn in the cave. Once you’re underground, you have to crawl in some places. The cave is 156 meters long. The temperature inside the cave is about 3°C (37°F) any time of year. Icicles grow inside the cave. Icicles are made when drops of ice fall from the ceiling and freeze. The icicles can be 50 centimeters (20 inches) wide and three meters (ten feet) long. There are also ice columns in the cave. Complete the sentence with the best word(s) from the box. 3°C 70 meters 156 meters 1,000 years three meters Example: The icicles in the cave can be three meters long. 1. Narusawa Hyoketsu is over _____________ old. 2. The cave is _____________ long. 3. The cave is _____________ underground. 4. The temperature in the cave is _____________. Listen to the caving safety rules. Write T for True or F for False. TR 7.2 ____ 1. A cave must not be entered alone. ____ 2. At least two people must enter the cave together. ____ 3. You must bring two lights and batteries. ____ 4. Nothing can be broken or moved in the cave. ____ 5. Trash must be brought out of the cave. Imagine you are an explorer. Write a chronological narrative (4 to 5 sentences) about an adventure you had. Describe wheneach event happened. Set the scene and create suspense. Usethe phrases in the box, or other phrases. Use time expressions such as ago, afterward, immediately, suddenly, or then. Speaking Example: D Look. Listen. Write the letter. TR: 8.1 1) ____ 2) ____ 3) ____ 4) ____ 5) ____ 6) ____ Complete with the best word(s) from the box.commands controlled features precise programmed science-fiction Example: Science-fiction movies often take place in the future or in space. 1. My vacuuming robot responds to ______ such as “Go forward” and “Stop”. 2. A robot can use its laser to make ______ measurements. 3. Some android robots have human ______ such as eyes or mouths. 4. An underwater robot can be ______ from a boat at the ocean’s surface. 5. I ______ my robot to bark like a dog. Complete the sentence. Use the word(s) in parentheses.Example: I wish I had (have) a personal robot. 1. Rosa wishes a robot ____________________ (can help)her with her homework. 2. My cousins wish they ____________________ (not have)to wash the dishes. 3. I wish the robot ____________________ (be) real. 4. Carlo wishes a robot ____________________ (can do)everything for him. 5. My dad wishes a personal robot ____________________(not cost) so much. Complete the sentence. Use will be or won’t be and the word(s) in parentheses.Example 1: Robots will be programmed (program) to do many things.Example 2: Robots won’t be programmed (not / program) to read books. 1. My family’s robot ___________ (make) with four arms. 2. Most robots ___________ (not / train) in voice recognition. 3. My school’s robot ___________ (give) sensors to feel things. 4. Robots ___________ (not / teach) how to write. 5. Lasers ___________ (add) so that the robot can cut metal. Match.a. will be driven by cars without drivers.b. predict the future.c. will be added as a feature to products like blenders and computers.d. had one of these cars now!e. be used to scan and map faraway places. ____ 1. In the future, people ____ 2. I wish I ____ 3. Sensors ____ 4. I wish I could ____ 5. Lasers will Meet the Bots There are many kinds of robots. Medical robots are extremely important in modern medicine. With the da Vinci Surgical System, the doctor sits several feet away from the patient and controls the robot’s every move. The HeartLander can do heart surgery. Service robots help in emergencies. The VGTV is a tiny vehicle that can rescue people who are trapped under fallen buildings. These robots use sensors to discover who is trapped, and then they send photos to the rescuers all by remote control. Explorer robots are incredibly useful, too. The Groundwater Voyager makes maps of underwater caves. The Mars rover Curiosity is exploring Mars. Amazing! What will future bots do? Read Write T for True or F for False. ____ 2. Explorer robots can visit Mars. ____ 3. The HeartLander makes maps of caves. ____ 4. Doctors can do surgery using robots. Designing Prosthetic Arms Albert Chi is a doctor and engineer who has designed prosthetic arms for children. Prosthetic arms can be very expensive, costing over $100,000. Dr. Chi works with engineers and doctors to build prosthetic arms that are inexpensive or free for children. One prosthetic arm that his team designed costs only $50 to make. There isn’t a motor, but the fingers on the hand can move to open and close. It doesn’t have many other features, but anyone with a 3D printer can make one of these arms. Dr. Chi and his team have also designed a $1,000 prosthetic arm. This arm has several motors and uses smartphone technology to help children hold things and move the fingers of the prosthetic arm. After this arm is tested, Dr. Chi and his team hope that the arm will be used by children around the world. Read Choose the best answer. ____ 1. Albert Chi is a(n) _________.a. doctor b. doctor and engineer c. engineer ____ 2. One feature of the $50 prosthetic arm is _________.a. a motor b. fingers that move c. smartphone technology ____ 3. One feature of the $1,000 prosthetic arm is _________.a. lasers b. sensors c. smartphone technology ____ 4. The _________ prosthetic arm does not include manyfeatures.a. $50 b. $1,000 c. $100,000 ____ 5. The _________ prosthetic arm can be made on a 3Dprinter.a. $50 b. $1,000 c. $100,000 Listen and write T for True or F for False. TR: 8.2 ____ 1. AIBO is a medical robot. ____ 2. AIBO has some features of a real dog. ____ 3. AIBO always responds to commands. ____ 4. One feature of AIBO is facial recognition. ____ 5. AIBO responds to smiles. Write 4 to 5 sentences about the advantages and disadvantagesof having robots in classrooms. Include at least two advantagesand two disadvantages. Use expressions like on the one hand, on the other hand, one (dis)advantage is..., and another (dis)advantage is... Speaking |