PATLAL😭
  • 1. What theory emphasizes the role of social interaction and communicative exchanges in language acquisition?
A) Interactionism
B) Nativism
C) Behaviorism
D) Cognitivist
  • 2. What is the term for an innate grammatical framework proposed by Noam Chomsky that is common to all human languages?
A) Universal Grammar
B) Acquisition Support System(LASS)
C) Cognitive Schema
D) Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
  • 3. What is ‘positive reinforcement’ in the context of behaviorism?
A) Rewarding correct language use
B) Correcting language mistakes
C) Encouraging imitation
D) Ignoring incorrect language use
  • 4. Which theory asserts that language acquisition is a result of environmental interaction, imitation, and reinforcement?
A) Interactionism
B) Nativism
C) Behaviorism
D) Cognitivism
  • 5. What does ‘equilibration’ mean in Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory?
A) • Integrating new information into existing schemas
B) • Adjusting cognitive structures to incorporate new information
C) • Balancing assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding
D) • Reinforcing correct language use through rewards
  • 6. What is ‘child-directed speech’ (CDS) in the Interactionist Theory?
A) Formal teaching of grammatical rules
B) • Simplified, accessible language tailored to young children
C) • Symbolic play to teach language concepts
D) • Advanced language used by caregivers
  • 7. What is the name of the social structures and interactions that support language learning in the Interactionist Theory?
A) Language Acquisition Support System (LASS)
B) Universal Grammar
C) Language Acquisition Device
D) Cognitive Schema
  • 8. Who proposed the concept of the ‘Language Acquisition Device (LAD)’?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Noam Chomsky
C) Jerome Bruner
D) B.F Skinner
  • 9. According to Jerome Bruner, what term describes the social structures and interactions that support language learning?
A) • Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
B) • Language Acquisition Support System (LASS)
C) • Universal Grammar
D) • Cognitive Equilibration
  • 10. Which theory is closely associated with B.F. Skinner and focuses on the role of environmental influences in learning language?
A) Nativism
B) • Cognitivism
C) • Behaviorism
D) Interactionism
  • 11. Why has the study of SLA been traditionally dominated by linguistics?
A) • Linguistics was more accommodating for SLA research
B) • Psychological studies of language were less developed
C) • Linguistics offers the most effective teaching methods
D) • Educational institutions prioritized linguistic studies
  • 12. According to the paper, what is necessary for effective L2 learning in adults?
A) • Combining implicit learning with explicit learning processes
B) • Avoiding explicit learning altogether
C) • Focusing exclusively on rote memorization
D) • Solely relying on implicit learning mechanism
  • 13. What is one proposed research area mentioned in the paper’s future research agenda?
A) • Reducing the emphasis on psychological factors
B) • Developing new linguistic output models
C) • Focusing solely on linguistic theories
D) • Exploring the explicit/implicit learning dichotomy
  • 14. Which technological advancement has significantly influenced the study of SLA in recent times?
A) • Brain scanning and imaging technologies
B) • Automated language translation tools
C) • Online language learning platforms
D) • Development of new language textbooks
  • 15. What is a major challenge of the linguistic approach in SLA according to the paper?
A) • Overreliance on cognitive theories
B) • Emphasis on developmental processes
C) • Lack of practical applications
D) • Focus on static language output analysis
  • 16. Which field traditionally focused on analyzing language output as a static state?
A) • Cognitive Science
B) • Education
C) • Psychology
D) • Linguistics
  • 17. Why do psychologists find L1 acquisition more attractive than L2 acquisition?
A) • L1 acquisition is easier to study
B) • L2 acquisition is less relevant to human identity
C) • L2 acquisition is more uniform
D) • L1 acquisition offers more generalizable findings
  • 18. Language Learning: The Past, The Present, and The Future”?
A) • The effectiveness of different language teaching methods
B) • The historical and current influence of psychology on language learning
C) • The role of technology in language acquisition
D) • The development of linguistic theories in SLA
  • 19. What is meant by ‘interdisciplinary collaboration’ in the context of SLA research?
A) • Combining insights from multiple academic disciplines
B) • Focusing solely on linguistic theories
C) • Prioritizing traditional teaching methods
D) • Separating psychology from linguistics
  • 20. What was unconventional about the author’s academic journey in the mid-1980s?
A) • Integrating technology into language learning research
B) • Focusing on L1 acquisition
C) • Studying SLA within a Department of Psychology
D) • Pursuing a PhD in Linguistics
  • 21. Who is considered the founder of Behaviorism, which significantly influenced the Behaviorist Theory of language learning?
A) • Jerome Bruner
B) • J.B. Watson
C) • Jean Piaget
D) • Noam Chomsky
  • 22. What is one major limitation of Behaviorist Theory in explaining language acquisition?
A) • It focuses too much on social and cultural factors
B) • It overestimates the influence of cognitive development
C) • It does not explain how children learn abstract words and novel language forms
D) • It ignores the role of environmental stimuli
  • 23. According to Behaviorist Theory, how do children form complex speech patterns?
A) • By social interaction and support
B) • By gradual refinement through trial-and-error
C) • Via cognitive restructuring
D) • Through a biological predisposition
  • 24. Behaviorist Theory contributed to the development of which teaching approach that involves physical activity as a response to language input?
A) • Direct Method
B) • Total Physical Response
C) • Silent Way
D) • Communicative Language Teaching
  • 25. Which criticism is often leveled against Behaviorist Theory?
A) • It does not account for social influences
B) • It overemphasizes innate biological mechanisms
C) • It relies too heavily on cognitive development stages
D) • It ignores the role of reinforcement in learning
  • 26. What is the primary focus of Behaviorist Theory in language acquisition?
A) • Cognitive processes
B) • Innate ability
C) • Social interaction
D) • Observable behavior and reinforcement
  • 27. Who is considered the founder of Behaviorism, which influenced Behaviorist Theory of language learning?
A) • • J.B. Watson
B) • Lev Vygotsky
C) • Noam Chomsky
D) • Jean Piaget
  • 28. According to Behaviorist Theory, how do children primarily learn language?
A) • Through problem-solving and hypothesis testing
B) • Through innate mechanisms
C) • By interacting with their environment
D) • By imitating sounds and receiving rewards
  • 29. Which of the following is NOT a basic tenet of Behaviorist Theory?
A) • Universal Grammar
B) • Habit Formation
C) • Imitation and Reinforcement
D) • Stimulus-Response Associations
  • 30. Which language teaching method is most closely aligned with Behaviorist Theory?
A) • Total Physical Response
B) • Audiolingual Method
C) • Grammar Translation Method
D) • Communicative Language Teaching
  • 31. The critical/sensitive period for the development of semantics is considered to be:
A) • Through the 12th month of infancy
B) • Through the 15th or 16th year of life
C) • From 2 years to 4 years From birth to 2 years
  • 32. This key elements of language runs through the 15th or 16th year of life.
A) • Syntax
B) • Semantics
C) • Phonology
D) • Morphology
  • 33. Who proposed the critical period hypothesis for language acquisition and when?
A) • Noam Chomsky, 1957
B) • Jean Piaget, 1960
C) • Eric Lenneberg, 1967
D) • B.F. Skinner, 1955
  • 34. Which brain regions are involved in syntax and semantics respectively?
A) • Frontal lobe for syntax and occipital lobe for semantics.
B) • Left hemisphere for syntax and right hemisphere for semantics.
C) • Posterior brain regions for syntax and anterior and Temporal region for semantics.
D) • Anterior temporal region for syntax and posterior brain regions for semantics.
  • 35. What is the implication of the critical/sensitive period concept for early language development?
A) • Language skills can be developed equally well at any age.
B) • Early and appropriate sensory input is crucial for optimal language development.
C) • Hearing loss in early childhood has no impact on language development
D) • Phonological skills are not important for later language development.
  • 36. What research finding supports the critical period for phonological development?
A) • Children understand complex sentences by age 3.
B) • Children start using grammar by age 2.
C) • Adolescents have fully developed semantic responses.
D) • Newborns can differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar voices.
  • 37. Which of the following best describes the impact of early exposure to phonemic sounds?
A) • It only affects the ability to learn multiple languages.
B) • It has no impact on later language development.
C) • It is crucial for phonological development and influences later language abilities
D) • It is important only for developing semantic understanding.
  • 38. What did neurophysiological studies by Neville et al. indicate about syntax development?
A) • Syntax development is complete by age 4.
B) • Syntax development reaches full maturity by the mid- teens.
C) • Syntax development is unaffected by early experiences.
D) • Syntax development is only influenced by genetic factors.
  • 39. What is a broader implication of the critical/sensitive period concept in human development?
A) • Specific experiences during critical periods significantly influence later development.
B) • Biological maturation has no role in developmental changes.
C) • Developmental changes are purely driven by genetic factors.
D) • Human development occurs in completely unique stages without any overlap.
  • 40. Which research finding supports the critical period for phonological development?
A) • Infants lose the ability to discriminate non-native phonemes by 12 months.
B) • Newborns can speak fluently by 12 months.
C) • Semantics are fully understood by age 4.
D) • Syntax develops fully by the mid-teens.
  • 41. What is the critical/sensitive period for syntax development according to neurophysiological studies?
A) • From 1 year to 4 years
B) • From 6 months to 1 year
C) • Extends through the fourth year of life and possibly up to the age of 15-16
D) • From birth to 2 years
  • 42. During what time frame is the critical period for phonological development?
A) • From 1 year to 4 years
B) • From 2 years to 5 years
C) • From the sixth month of fetal life through the 12th month of infancy
D) • From birth to 6 months
  • 43. What did ERP studies reveal about children’s brain responses to semantic stimuli?
A) • Mature responses begin to appear by age 4 but continue to develop through adolescence.
B) • Children have fully mature responses to semantic stimuli by age 4.
C) • Semantic development is complete by age 2.
D) • Mature responses are present only in adults.
  • 44. What is the concept of a critical or sensitive period in language development?
A) • A period when language acquisition is impossible.
B) • A phase when adults can learn new languages easily.
C) • A biologically determined window when language acquisition is most effective.
D) • A period when children learn to read and write.
  • 45. Teachers should actively manage the use of L1, integrating it strategically into lessons to enhance learning while ensuring sufficient exposure to L2. This explains the
A) • Silent Way, Suggestopedia, Community Language Learning, Total Physical Response, Communicative Language Teaching
B) • Grammar Translation Method
C) • Direct Method and Audiolingual Method
D) • Overcoming Overuse of Mother Tongue
  • 46. What is a classroom strategy that involves using the mother tongue to support second language learning?
A) • Avoid using gestures and visual aids.
B) • Repeat instructions in L1 to ensure understanding.
C) • Give instructions in L2 only, regardless of understanding.
D) • Teach common phrases only in L1.
  • 47. What is one benefit of mother-tongue instruction mentioned in the context of the Hong Kong policy?
A) • It enhances both mother tongue and English proficiency.
B) • It reduces the need for learning English.
C) • It focuses only on English proficiency.
D) • It eliminates the use of the mother tongue in classrooms.
  • 48. What is a common belief among educators about the use of the mother tongue (L1) in second language (L2) learning?
A) • It should be minimized as much as possible.
B) • It is more beneficial than learning a second language.
C) • It should be used exclusively in the classroom.
D) • It has no influence on second language learning.
  • 49. This teaching methodology uses L1 selectively to support understanding and build a bridge.
A) • Silent Way, Suggestopedia, Community Language Learning, Total Physical Response, Communicative Language Teaching
B) • Direct Method and Audiolingual Method
C) • Grammar Translation Method
  • 50. What can be a consequence of an abrupt transition from mother tongue to second language instruction?
A) • Strengthened first language acquisition.
B) • Enhanced motivation to learn.
C) • Immediate fluency in the second language.
D) • Reduced motivation and potential academic failure.
  • 51. According to UNESCO (2007), what is one benefit of mother tongue-based instruction?
A) • It leads to poorer academic outcomes.
B) • It makes learning additional languages more difficult.
C) • It results in better academic outcomes, especially for disadvantaged groups
D) • It encourages students to abandon their native language.
  • 52. This teaching methodology avoid L1 to prevent interference with L2 learning.
A) • Direct Method and Audiolingual Method
B) • Silent Way, Suggestopedia, Community Language Learning, Total Physical Response, Communicative Language Teaching
C) • Grammar Translation Method
  • 53. How does fluency and literacy in the mother tongue influence learning additional languages?
A) • It has no impact on learning additional languages.
B) • It provides a foundation for learning additional languages.
C) • It hinders the ability to learn additional languages.
D) • It causes confusion between languages.
  • 54. Gradual transition from mother tongue to second language instruction helps children learn the second language more effectively and retain their native language skills. This explains the
A) • Role of Mother Tongue in Education
B) • Benefits of Mother Tongue Instruction
C) • Mother Tongue’s Influence on Second Language Learning
D) • Significance of Mother Tongue
  • 55. Teachers should balance the use of L1 to avoid over- reliance and ensure sufficient exposure to English. This explains the
A) • When and How to Use Mother Tongue
B) • Benefits of Mother Tongue Instruction
C) • Mother Tongue’s Influence on Second Language Learning
D) • Role of Mother Tongue in Education
  • 56. The mother tongue is a key instrument for intellectual development and expression. Weakness in the mother tongue can hinder overall cognitive abilities. This explains the
A) • Significance of Mother Tongue
B) • Benefits of Mother Tongue Instruction
C) • Role of Mother Tongue in Education
D) • Mother Tongue’s Influence on Second Language Learning
  • 57. The mother tongue is essential for a child’s identity, reinforcing social patterns and unique cultural backgrounds. This indicates the
A) • Significance of Mother Tongue
B) • Role of Mother Tongue in Education
C) • Benefits of Mother Tongue Instruction
D) • Mother Tongue’s Influence on Second Language Learning
  • 58. While some argue for exclusive use of English, especially for young learners, L1 can provide a sense of security, facilitate understanding, and enable more complex activities. This explains the
A) • Benefits of Mother Tongue Instruction
B) • Mother Tongue’s Influence on Second Language Learning
C) • Role of Mother Tongue in Education
D) • When and How to Use Mother Tongue
  • 59. What is one activity mentioned that involves both L1 and L2 to make language learning more engaging?
A) • Memorizing vocabulary lists in L2 only.
B) • Conversation starters and translation tasks.
C) • Grammar drills in L2 only
D) • Listening to L2 audio recordings without context.
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