- 1. Soil science is the scientific study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth. It involves examining the soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties, as well as its formation, classification, and mapping. Soil scientists study the interaction between soil, plants, and the environment to understand how soil quality impacts agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability, and ecosystem health. By analyzing soil composition, structure, and nutrient content, soil scientists can provide valuable insights into land management practices, soil conservation strategies, and sustainable agriculture. Overall, soil science plays a crucial role in fostering food security, mitigating environmental degradation, and promoting sustainable land use practices globally.
What is the main component of soil organic matter?
A) Clay
B) Humus
C) Sand
D) Silt
- 2. Which soil horizon contains the most organic matter?
A) C horizon
B) B horizon
C) O horizon
D) A horizon
- 3. What is the term for the physical breakdown of rocks into smaller particles?
A) Weathering
B) Erosion
C) Leaching
D) Compaction
- 4. Which soil texture has the smallest particle size?
A) Clay
B) Silt
C) Loam
D) Sand
- 5. Which soil pH value is considered neutral?
A) 10
B) 5
C) 3
D) 7
- 6. What is the term for the movement of water downward through the soil?
A) Evaporation
B) Transpiration
C) Precipitation
D) Percolation
- 7. What is the process of removing soluble substances from the soil by water movement?
A) Eutrophication
B) Compaction
C) Fractionation
D) Leaching
- 8. What is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of soil?
A) pH
B) EC
C) Cation exchange capacity
D) OM
- 9. Which soil horizon is known as the subsoil?
A) B horizon
B) A horizon
C) C horizon
D) O horizon
- 10. What is the term for the process of adding lime to raise soil pH?
A) Liming
B) Acidifying
C) Leaching
D) Podzolization
- 11. Which soil nutrient is a component of chlorophyll and essential for photosynthesis?
A) Copper
B) Zinc
C) Magnesium
D) Sulfur
- 12. What type of soil erosion occurs due to the impact of raindrops?
A) Splash erosion
B) Gully erosion
C) Sheet erosion
D) Wind erosion
- 13. Which soil horizon is also known as the topsoil?
A) A horizon
B) O horizon
C) B horizon
D) C horizon
- 14. What is the term for the loss of soil fertility due to continuous crop cultivation without proper soil management?
A) Soil salinization
B) Soil formation
C) Soil exhaustion
D) Soil compaction
- 15. What is the texture of a soil that contains roughly equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay?
A) Loam
B) Sandy
C) Silt
D) Clayey
- 16. Which of the following is a primary nutrient essential for plant growth?
A) Manganese
B) Calcium
C) Zinc
D) Nitrogen
- 17. What is the practice of planting different crops in the same field in different years called?
A) Polyculture
B) Monoculture
C) Agroforestry
D) Crop rotation
- 18. Which of the following improves soil structure and provides essential nutrients?
A) Glyphosate
B) Sand
C) Salt
D) Organic matter
- 19. Which of the following is a common soil conservation practice to prevent erosion?
A) Monoculture
B) Deep plowing
C) Overgrazing
D) Contour plowing
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