- 1. Pioneers of quantum cryptography have fundamentally transformed the way we think about secure communication in the digital age. Notably, Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard laid the groundwork for quantum key distribution (QKD) in 1984 with their seminal protocol known as BB84. This innovative approach leveraged the principles of quantum mechanics, particularly the behavior of photons, to create a communication channel that promises unparalleled security. Their work illustrated that any attempt to eavesdrop on the quantum key would disturb the quantum states of the photons, thereby revealing the presence of an intruder. Following Bennett and Brassard, other notable figures such as Artur Ekert introduced the concept of entanglement-based QKD in 1991, which further enhanced the security features through quantum entanglement. Moreover, researchers like David Deutsch and Simon Benjamin contributed to the theoretical underpinnings that expand the horizons of quantum information theory, providing a robust framework for understanding and implementing quantum cryptography. As these pioneers laid the foundational theories and protocols, their discoveries have burgeoned into a rapidly evolving field with significant implications for the future of secure communications, particularly in an era where quantum computing poses new challenges to classical encryption methods.
What is the main protocol used in quantum key distribution?
A) Merkle's Puzzles
B) BB84
C) Diffie-Hellman
D) RSA
- 2. In what year was the BB84 protocol proposed?
A) 1990
B) 1978
C) 1984
D) 2001
- 3. Who developed the first quantum key distribution protocol?
A) John Preskill
B) Scott Aaronson
C) Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard
D) Artur Ekert
- 4. What does the 'no-cloning theorem' ensure in quantum cryptography?
A) Cannot create identical copies of an unknown quantum state
B) Enables reversible encryption
C) Allows multiple observations without disturbance
D) Guaranteed speed of information transfer
- 5. In which decade did quantum cryptography gain attention as a field of study?
A) 2000s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s
- 6. What physical principle is applied in quantum cryptography to secure key exchange?
A) Newton's laws of motion
B) Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
C) Maxwell's equations
D) Einstein's theory of relativity
- 7. What does QKD stand for?
A) Quantum Kernel Distribution
B) Quantum Kinetic Dynamics
C) Quantum Key Distribution
D) Quantum Knowledge Development
- 8. What is the primary challenge for implementing quantum cryptography in real-world systems?
A) Distance limitations
B) Cost of entangled particles
C) Ease of use
D) Energy consumption
- 9. What form of communication does quantum cryptography protect?
A) Instant messaging
B) Key exchange
C) File storage
D) Streaming data
- 10. Who is known for the 'E91' protocol related to quantum cryptography?
A) Artur Ekert
B) Charles Bennett
C) Nicolas Gisin
D) Gilles Brassard
- 11. What is the primary advantage of quantum cryptography over classical cryptography?
A) Faster computation
B) Unconditional security
C) Ease of implementation
D) Limited to short distances
- 12. What type of photons are typically used in quantum key distribution?
A) Laser-coherent photons
B) Polarized photons
C) Thermal photons
D) Infrared photons
- 13. Which of the following is a potential application of quantum cryptography?
A) Data compression
B) Machine learning
C) Secure communication
D) Random number generation
- 14. The first commercial quantum key distribution system was introduced by which company?
A) ID Quantique
B) Microsoft
C) Nokia
D) IBM
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