- 1. The African National Congress (ANC) played a pivotal role in the Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa, emerging as the leading political organization that aimed to dismantle the system of racial segregation and discrimination imposed by apartheid laws from 1948 to the early 1990s. Founded in 1912, the ANC initially advocated for the rights of black South Africans through legal means and peaceful protests. However, as the brutal repression of anti-apartheid activists escalated, the ANC shifted its strategy in the early 1960s towards armed struggle, forming its military wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe, to engage in sabotage against government installations. The organization sought international support, mobilizing global opinion against apartheid, and sought assistance from sympathetic countries and movements worldwide. The anti-apartheid struggle involved numerous grassroots campaigns, strikes, and civil disobedience, supported by the sacrifices of many dedicated activists, including notable leaders like Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, and Walter Sisulu. The movement galvanized widespread protests both within South Africa and internationally, leading to economic sanctions and cultural boycotts against the apartheid regime. The tireless efforts of the ANC and its allies ultimately contributed to the dismantling of apartheid, culminating in the first democratic elections in 1994, where Nelson Mandela became South Africa's first black president, symbolizing a new era of hope and reconciliation in the nation.
What year was the African National Congress (ANC) founded?
A) 1944
B) 1912
C) 1961
D) 1980
- 2. Who was the first president of the ANC?
A) Oliver Tambo
B) Nelson Mandela
C) Walter Sisulu
D) John Dube
- 3. What was the main goal of the ANC during its formation?
A) To promote the political rights of Black South Africans
B) To create a separate nation
C) To support British colonial rule
D) To establish a communist regime
- 4. Which event marked the beginning of mass resistance against apartheid in South Africa?
A) The Defiance Campaign
B) The Sharpeville Massacre
C) The Rivonia Trial
D) The Soweto Uprising
- 5. In what year did Nelson Mandela become president of South Africa?
A) 1986
B) 1999
C) 1994
D) 1990
- 6. Which campaign did the ANC launch in 1952 to resist apartheid laws?
A) The Truth and Reconciliation Commission
B) The armed struggle
C) The Freedom Charter
D) The Defiance Campaign
- 7. What document was adopted at the Congress of the People in 1955?
A) The South African Bill of Rights
B) The ANC Constitution
C) The Freedom Charter
D) The Klaarwater Agreement
- 8. Which ANC leader was imprisoned on Robben Island for 27 years?
A) Oliver Tambo
B) Chris Hani
C) Govan Mbeki
D) Nelson Mandela
- 9. The ANC's armed wing was known as what?
A) Umkhonto we Sizwe
B) The Red Army
C) The African People's Army
D) The Black Panthers
- 10. Which prominent leader succeeded Nelson Mandela as ANC president?
A) Jacob Zuma
B) Oliver Tambo
C) Thabo Mbeki
D) Kgalema Motlanthe
- 11. The ANC was banned for the first time in what year?
A) 1952
B) 1960
C) 1948
D) 1962
- 12. What strategy did the ANC adopt after the Sharpeville Massacre?
A) National isolation
B) Collaboration with the government
C) Increased peaceful protests
D) Armed struggle
- 13. What was the main purpose of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission?
A) To address past human rights abuses
B) To promote international relations
C) To establish new laws
D) To punish offenders
- 14. When was Nelson Mandela sentenced to life imprisonment?
A) 1976
B) 1962
C) 1964
D) 1982
- 15. Which event in 1976 marked a significant uprising against apartheid?
A) Sharpeville Massacre
B) Soweto Uprising
C) Bantu Education Act
D) CODESA negotiations
- 16. What major international action helped put pressure on the apartheid regime?
A) Tourism promotions
B) Military support
C) Economic sanctions and divestment
D) Cultural exchanges
- 17. Who was the ANC's chief negotiator in the talks to end apartheid?
A) Thabo Mbeki
B) Joe Slovo
C) Winnie Mandela
D) Cyril Ramaphosa
- 18. Who was the ANC president before Nelson Mandela?
A) Cyril Ramaphosa
B) Joe Slovo
C) Walter Sisulu
D) Oliver Tambo
- 19. Which South African city was a focal point for protests and uprisings against apartheid?
A) Soweto
B) Pretoria
C) Durban
D) Cape Town
- 20. In which decade did the anti-apartheid movement gain significant international attention?
A) 1970s
B) 1960s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s
- 21. What role did women play in the anti-apartheid movement?
A) Excluded from all major movements
B) Only involved in cultural activities
C) Limited involvement as passive supporters
D) Key activists and leaders in protests and organizations
- 22. Who was the last apartheid-era president of South Africa?
A) F.W. de Klerk
B) P.W. Botha
C) Nelson Mandela
D) Thabo Mbeki
- 23. What year was Nelson Mandela released from prison?
A) 1994
B) 1990
C) 1992
D) 1989
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