- 1. Which logical fallacy involves making a conclusion based on insufficient evidence or without considering all factors?
A) Circular reasoning
B) Hasty generalization
C) Ad hominem
D) False cause
- 2. Which type of reasoning starts with specific premises and moves to a general conclusion?
A) Analogical
B) Abductive
C) Inductive
D) Deductive
- 3. In logic, 'If P then Q' is known as what kind of statement?
A) Disjunction
B) Contrapositive
C) Conditional
D) Conjunction
- 4. Which logical principle concludes that if a statement is true, then its negation is false?
A) Law of identity
B) Modus tollens
C) Law of non-contradiction
D) Law of excluded middle
- 5. The statement 'All birds have wings. A sparrow is a bird. Therefore, a sparrow has wings' is an example of what type of reasoning?
A) Analogical
B) Deductive
C) Inductive
D) Abductive
- 6. What logical principle states that 'either a statement is true or its negation is true'?
A) Modus ponens
B) Law of non-contradiction
C) Law of identity
D) Law of excluded middle
- 7. Which type of reasoning analogizes two similar cases in order to make a conclusion about a new case?
A) Analogical
B) Abductive
C) Deductive
D) Inductive
- 8. What is the logical structure where two premises lead to a conclusion based on them?
A) Assertion
B) Fallacy
C) Argument
D) Syllogism
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