- 1. The study of human ancestry through fossil records has unveiled numerous fascinating insights into our distant relatives, particularly those who exhibited remarkable longevity. Among the top 10 longest-lived human ancestors, we find species such as Homo erectus, which thrived for nearly 1.9 million years, showcasing an extensive adaptability and resilience that allowed them to inhabit various environments across Africa, Asia, and Europe. The Neanderthals, another key ancestor, lived for approximately 300,000 years, known for their robust physique and advanced tool-making skills, showing that they were well-adapted to the glacial climates of Europe. Other notable ancestors include Homo habilis and Australopithecus afarensis, with lifespans estimated to be in the range of several hundred thousand years, providing crucial links in understanding the evolution of bipedalism and increased brain size. Even further back, the ancient species Sahelanthropus tchadensis survived for about 1 million years, representing a pivotal point in the timeline of human evolution. These long-lived ancestors offer a treasure trove of information that helps scientists piece together the intricate puzzle of our evolutionary history, highlighting the resilience, adaptability, and ingenuity of early hominins in the face of environmental changes and challenges.
Which fossil is considered the oldest known ancestor of modern humans?
A) Sahelanthropus tchadensis
B) Homo sapiens
C) Homo habilis
D) Australopithecus afarensis
- 2. What is the estimated age of Ardipithecus ramidus?
A) 2.5 million years
B) 4.4 million years
C) 7 million years
D) 6 million years
- 3. Which species is known for the 'Lucy' fossil?
A) Homo neanderthalensis
B) Paranthropus boisei
C) Homo erectus
D) Australopithecus afarensis
- 4. What is the name of the fossil species known as the 'Hobbit'?
A) Homo naledi
B) Homo erectus
C) Homo floresiensis
D) Australopithecus sediba
- 5. Which ancestor is known to have used stone tools?
A) Sahelanthropus tchadensis
B) Homo sapiens
C) Homo habilis
D) Australopithecus africanus
- 6. Where was the first Neanderthal fossil discovered?
A) Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
B) Neander Valley, Germany
C) Krapina, Croatia
D) La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France
- 7. What is the approximate age of Homo erectus fossils?
A) 300,000 years to 100,000 years
B) 1.9 million years to 110,000 years
C) 200,000 years to 30,000 years
D) 4 million years to 2 million years
- 8. How long ago did the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans live?
A) 1 million years ago
B) 4 million years ago
C) 200,000 years ago
D) Approximately 600,000 years ago
- 9. Which ancient human ancestor is known for having a large brow ridge?
A) Australopithecus anamensis
B) Homo habilis
C) Homo sapiens
D) Homo neanderthalensis
- 10. What important tool technique is associated with Homo habilis?
A) Oldowan tools
B) Acheulean tools
C) Levallois tools
D) Mousterian tools
- 11. When did the first anatomically modern humans appear?
A) Around 300,000 years ago
B) 500,000 years ago
C) 200,000 years ago
D) 1 million years ago
- 12. Which ancestor lived approximately 4.4 million years ago?
A) Paranthropus robustus
B) Homo sapiens
C) Australopithecus africanus
D) Ardipithecus ramidus
- 13. What does 'Homo naledi' suggest about human evolution?
A) Complexity of early hominins
B) Simplicity of their tools
C) Lack of social behavior
D) Exclusive use of caves
- 14. How did Homo erectus spread from Africa?
A) Natural selection
B) Migration
C) Climatic changes
D) Isolation
- 15. What is the primary habitat of early hominins?
A) Arctic regions
B) Mountains
C) Deserts
D) Woodlands and savannas
- 16. What did the fossils of Denisovans reveal?
A) Interbreeding with modern humans
B) They lived only in Europe
C) They were completely isolated
D) They did not use tools
- 17. What major event is believed to have contributed to the extinction of Neanderthals?
A) Migration to other lands
B) Climate change
C) Natural disasters
D) Increased birth rates
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