Biostatistics

1. Biostatistics is a branch of statistics that deals with data related to living organisms. It involves the design, analysis, and interpretation of data in fields such as biology, medicine, public health, and environmental science. Biostatistics plays a crucial role in research studies, clinical trials, and public health initiatives by providing statistical methods to analyze data, draw conclusions, and make informed decisions. It helps in understanding patterns of diseases, identifying risk factors, evaluating treatment interventions, and predicting health outcomes. Biostatisticians use their expertise in statistical theory and methods to address complex research questions and contribute to advancements in health science and policy.

What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in biostatistics?

A) To determine if there is enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis.
B) To estimate the population mean.
C) To calculate standard deviation.
D) To prove a hypothesis with 100% certainty.

2. In a clinical trial, what is the role of a control group?

A) To analyze the results.
B) To administer the treatment to participants.
C) To collect data from participants.
D) To provide a baseline for comparison to the treatment group.

3. Which type of study design is best suited for determining cause and effect relationships?

A) Observational Study
B) Case-Control Study
C) Cross-Sectional Study
D) Randomized Controlled Trial

4. What is the purpose of regression analysis?

A) To estimate population parameters.
B) To explore the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.
C) To determine central tendency.
D) To calculate probabilities.

5. What is sensitivity in the context of diagnostic testing?

A) The proportion of true negative results among all individuals without the condition.
B) The proportion of false negative results.
C) The proportion of true positive results among all individuals with the condition.
D) The proportion of false positive results.

6. Which type of sampling technique divides a population into subgroups and then samples each subgroup?

A) Simple Random Sampling
B) Systematic Sampling
C) Cluster Sampling
D) Stratified Sampling

7. What does p-value indicate in hypothesis testing?

A) The probability of obtaining results as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
B) The sample size required for the study.
C) The strength of the relationship between variables.
D) The confidence interval of the estimate.

8. Which statistical test can be used to compare more than two group means?

A) Paired t-test
B) Two-Sample t-test
C) ANOVA
D) Chi-Square Test

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