Social Theory And Social Structure by Robert K. Merton

1. Which adaptation mode involves accepting cultural goals and means?

A) Retreatism
B) Rebellion
C) Conformity
D) Innovation

2. Merton's concept of 'manifest functions' refers to:

A) Intended and recognized consequences
B) Latent consequences only
C) Only social functions
D) Unintended and hidden consequences

3. What term describes a situation where society emphasizes certain goals but not all individuals have equal access to the means?

A) Strain
B) Dysfunction
C) Anarchy
D) Conflict

4. Merton distinguished between which two types of functions?

A) Primary and secondary functions
B) Manifest and latent functions
C) Structural and individual functions
D) Normative and deviant functions

5. Merton categorized deviance into how many forms?

A) Three
B) Five
C) Four
D) Two

6. What is a key characteristic of innovators in Merton's typology?

A) They reject both goals and means
B) They accept cultural goals but reject means
C) They adhere to both goals and means
D) They seek completely new goals

7. According to Merton, which of the following is true about rituals?

A) Ritualists accept the means but reject the goals
B) Ritualists are innovators
C) Ritualistic behavior is always illegal
D) Ritualists create new goals and means

8. What is the basic unit of analysis in Merton's sociological theories?

A) The social structure
B) Cultural artifacts
C) Government policies
D) Individual personality

9. Merton contrasts individual behavior with which broader concept?

A) Social structure
B) Psychological factors
C) Cultural norms
D) Biological instincts

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