- 1. The Ottoman Empire was founded in the late 13th century by Osman I and became one of the largest and longest-lasting empires in history. At its peak, it covered parts of three continents, including vast territories in Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. The empire was known for its strong central administration, military prowess, and cultural diversity. Over the centuries, the Ottomans expanded through conquest and diplomacy, incorporating diverse peoples and regions into their multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. The empire reached its zenith in the 16th century under the rule of Suleiman the Magnificent, advancing in the fields of art, architecture, and science. However, as the centuries passed, internal strife, external pressures, and social changes led to the decline of the empire, culminating in its eventual dissolution after World War I.
When was the Ottoman Empire founded?
A) 1453
B) 1299
C) 1600
D) 1527
- 2. Which sultan is considered the conqueror of Constantinople?
A) Selim I
B) Mehmed II
C) Suleiman I
D) Bayezid I
- 3. Which battle is known as the Ottoman Empire's most decisive victory in Europe?
A) The Battle of Vienna
B) The Battle of Mohács
C) The Siege of Malta
D) The Battle of Lepanto
- 4. What was the official language of the Ottoman Empire at its peak?
A) Arabic
B) Ottoman Turkish
C) Persian
D) Greek
- 5. What was the elite infantry unit of the Ottoman Empire known as?
A) Spahis
B) Janissaries
C) Sipahis
D) Mameluks
- 6. Who was the last sultan of the Ottoman Empire?
A) Mehmed VII
B) Abdul Hamid II
C) Mehmed VI
D) Mehmed V
- 7. Which European power led the efforts to support nationalist uprisings within the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century?
A) Russia
B) Britain
C) France
D) Austria-Hungary
- 8. The Ottoman Empire joined which alliance during World War I?
A) Neutral
B) Axis Powers
C) Allied Powers
D) Central Powers
- 9. Which treaty marked the official end of the Ottoman Empire in 1923?
A) Treaty of Berlin
B) Treaty of Lausanne
C) Treaty of Versailles
D) Treaty of Sèvres
- 10. Which city served as the capital of the Ottoman Empire for most of its existence?
A) Istanbul
B) Bursa
C) Edirne
D) Ankara
- 11. What was the name of the Ottoman military and administrative council?
A) Diwan
B) Parliament
C) Majlis
D) Divan
- 12. Which important trading route passed through the Ottoman Empire?
A) Amber Road
B) Salt Road
C) Silk Road
D) Incense Route
- 13. What was the name of the Ottoman cavalry troops composed of tribal warriors?
A) Janissaries
B) Mameluks
C) Spahis
D) Sipahis
- 14. Who was the architect of the Hagia Sophia's conversion into a mosque after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople?
A) Mimar Koca Sinan
B) Koca Sinan
C) Mimar Mehmed
D) Mimar Sinan
- 15. Which Ottoman sultan signed the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, marking the Empire's first major territorial losses in Europe?
A) Mustafa III
B) Ahmed II
C) Mehmed IV
D) Mustafa II
- 16. Which year saw the defeat of the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto?
A) 1634
B) 1608
C) 1571
D) 1526
- 17. What was the nickname given to the Ottoman Queen Mother who held significant political influence in the Empire?
A) Valide Sultan
B) Kadin
C) Haseki Sultan
D) Sultanate Mother
- 18. The Janissaries revolted against which sultan in 1826, leading to their eventual disbandment?
A) Suleiman II
B) Mahmud II
C) Abdülaziz
D) Abdülmecid I
- 19. Which Ottoman sultan led the Empire during the disastrous Battle of Ankara in 1402, resulting in his capture by Tamerlane?
A) Mehmed II
B) Bayezid I
C) Murad II
D) Mustafa I
- 20. Which Ottoman sultan was known as 'the Lawgiver'?
A) Suleiman the Magnificent
B) Selim I
C) Mehmed II
D) Bayezid II
- 21. Which European city did the Ottomans unsuccessfully besiege in 1529 and then successfully besiege in 1683?
A) Vienna
B) Paris
C) Madrid
D) London
- 22. What was the name of the Ottoman naval fleet?
A) Bey
B) Janissary
C) Kapudan Pasha
D) Grand Vizier
- 23. Which European country signed the Treaty of Karlowitz with the Ottoman Empire in 1699?
A) France
B) Austria
C) Spain
D) England
- 24. What was the name of the Ottoman tax system based on land ownership?
A) Waaf
B) Aghnam
C) Timar
D) Ihtisab
- 25. What was the name of the Ottoman military band?
A) Mehter
B) Ud
C) Saz
D) Itri
- 26. What architectural marvel was constructed by the Ottomans and has become a symbol of Istanbul?
A) Alhambra
B) Hagia Sophia
C) Parthenon
D) Taj Mahal
- 27. Who wrote the epic novel 'Resurrection', which criticizes the Ottoman Empire's judicial system?
A) Fyodor Dostoevsky
B) George Orwell
C) Leo Tolstoy
D) Victor Hugo
- 28. What was the primary religion of the Ottoman Empire for most of its existence?
A) Judaism
B) Christianity
C) Islam
D) Buddhism
- 29. Which empire did the Ottoman Empire fight against in the Battle of Gallipoli in 1915?
A) British Empire
B) French Empire
C) Russian Empire
D) Italian Empire
- 30. What was the significant reform movement in the late Ottoman Empire known as?
A) Young Turk Revolution
B) Reform Era
C) Janissary Revolt
D) Tanzimat
- 31. Who was the famous European traveler who visited the Ottoman Empire in the 14th century?
A) Ibn Battuta
B) Marco Polo
C) Christopher Columbus
D) Vasco da Gama
- 32. Which Sultan established the Ottoman navy in the 14th century?
A) Osman I
B) Orhan
C) Bayezid I
D) Mehmed II
- 33. What was the name of the system of government under the Ottoman Empire?
A) Feudalism
B) Millet System
C) Democracy
D) Communism
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