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Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
Contributed by: Handley
  • 1. Biotechnology is a field of science that involves the use of living organisms or their products to modify and improve products, processes, or organisms. Genetic engineering is a specific type of biotechnology that involves manipulating the genetic material of an organism to create desired traits or outcomes. These technologies have vast implications across various industries, including agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. Biotechnology and genetic engineering have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling the development of personalized medicine, genetically modified organisms for increased crop yields, and the production of biofuels to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, with such advancements come ethical considerations surrounding issues like genetic modification, privacy concerns, and access to these technologies. As research and development in biotechnology and genetic engineering continue to advance, it is crucial for society to have informed discussions on the benefits and risks associated with these technologies.

    What is the function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
A) It adds new genetic material to DNA.
B) It copies DNA strands.
C) It cuts DNA at specific sequences.
D) It mutates genes.
  • 2. What is the purpose of gene cloning?
A) To remove genes from an organism.
B) To study the entire genome of an organism.
C) To produce multiple copies of a gene.
D) To create a completely new gene.
  • 3. What is CRISPR-Cas9 used for in biotechnology?
A) To study proteins in cells.
B) To edit genes with precision.
C) To create hybrid organisms.
D) To clone entire organisms.
  • 4. What is a GMO?
A) A protein found in organisms.
B) A grand method of optimization.
C) A gene mapping organization.
D) A genetically modified organism.
  • 5. What is the role of plasmids in genetic engineering?
A) They are tools to measure DNA length.
B) They are enzymes used to cut DNA.
C) They are used as vectors to transfer desired genes into host organisms.
D) They are proteins that regulate gene expression.
  • 6. What is the main purpose of genetic engineering in agriculture?
A) To produce crops with desirable traits such as pest resistance or higher yield.
B) To eliminate the need for fertilizers.
C) To increase the cost of food production.
D) To reduce the genetic diversity of crops.
  • 7. What is a gene drive technology?
A) A technique to clone entire organisms.
B) A process to analyze the entire genome of a species.
C) A tool to deliberately spread a specific gene through a population.
D) A method to delete genes from an organism.
  • 8. What is vaccine development in biotechnology?
A) Studying the history of vaccines.
B) Using genetic engineering to create vaccines against diseases.
C) Testing antibiotics on viruses.
D) Manufacturing traditional medicines.
  • 9. What is a knock-in in genetic engineering?
A) The insertion of a specific gene into a specific location in the genome.
B) The removal of genes from an organism.
C) The transfer of an entire chromosome into a cell.
D) A natural gene mutation.
  • 10. How does genetic engineering contribute to medical advancements?
A) By increasing resistance to antibiotics in humans.
B) By creating new diseases for research purposes.
C) By enabling the production of human proteins like insulin for therapy.
D) By replacing traditional medicines with genetically modified ones.
  • 11. What is gene expression in biotechnology?
A) The sequencing of an entire genome.
B) The manipulation of genes in a lab setting.
C) The study of gene inheritance patterns.
D) The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
  • 12. What is the role of bioinformatics in genetic engineering?
A) To physically manipulate DNA in a lab.
B) To analyze and interpret biological data using computational tools.
C) To create artificial organisms.
D) To study biochemistry in organisms.
  • 13. What is a gene edit in genetic engineering?
A) Inserting a whole gene into an organism.
B) Deleting an entire chromosome.
C) Copying a gene from one species to another.
D) Changing a specific sequence of DNA within a gene.
  • 14. What is an example of gene editing technology?
A) Gene cloning.
B) RNA interference.
C) CRISPR-Cas9.
D) Plasmid transformation.
  • 15. How does genetic engineering benefit the agricultural industry?
A) By reducing the variety of crop species.
B) By promoting the use of natural fertilizers only.
C) By developing crops with improved yields and resistance to pests.
D) By increasing the use of chemical pesticides.
  • 16. What is the potential risk associated with modifying genes in humans?
A) No change in genetic diversity within a population.
B) Improved overall health and well-being.
C) Immediate and predictable benefits.
D) Unintended genetic mutations and long-term health effects.
  • 17. What is the process of cutting DNA at specific sites called?
A) Restriction digestion
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) PCR amplification
  • 18. Which technique is used to amplify a piece of DNA in vitro?
A) Transformation
B) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
C) Gel electrophoresis
D) CRISPR-Cas9
  • 19. Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on size?
A) Southern blotting
B) RNA interference
C) Gel electrophoresis
D) CRISPR-Cas9
  • 20. What is the technique used to introduce new genes into plant cells?
A) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
B) Western blotting
C) Yeast two-hybrid system
D) RNA splicing
  • 21. In gene editing, what is CRISPR short for?
A) Cellular Replication and Inheritance System
B) Coding Region for Identifying Specific Proteins
C) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
D) Catalytic RNA for Inducing Specific Proteins
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