- 1. East and Central African history is a rich tapestry of cultures, traditions, and events that have shaped the region over centuries. From the ancient civilizations of Great Zimbabwe and Axum to the colonial legacy of European powers, this history is marked by diversity, resilience, and innovation. The trade routes of the Swahili Coast, the kingdoms of Buganda and Rwanda, and the struggles for independence all contribute to the complex narrative of East and Central Africa. This region has been a dynamic crossroads of peoples, ideas, and resources, leading to both cooperation and conflict. Today, the legacy of this history continues to influence the modern societies and politics of East and Central Africa.
Which African country was not colonized by European powers in the late 19th century?
A) Tanzania
B) Ethiopia
C) Uganda
D) Kenya
- 2. Who was the first President of Kenya?
A) Jomo Kenyatta
B) Yoweri Museveni
C) Idi Amin
D) Julius Nyerere
- 3. What is the capital city of Tanzania?
A) Kigali
B) Dodoma
C) Kampala
D) Nairobi
- 4. Who was the first Prime Minister of Uganda after independence?
A) Milton Obote
B) Yoweri Museveni
C) Idi Amin
D) Julius Nyerere
- 5. Which country was formerly known as Tanganyika?
A) Kenya
B) Rwanda
C) Tanzania
D) Uganda
- 6. In what year did Burundi gain independence from Belgium?
A) 1980
B) 1975
C) 1945
D) 1962
- 7. What was the primary trade commodity in the East African coast during the medieval period?
A) Silver
B) Copper
C) Ivory
D) Gold
- 8. Who was the dictator of Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) for over three decades?
A) Joseph Kabila
B) Patrice Lumumba
C) Mobutu Sese Seko
D) Laurent Kabila
- 9. Which European power established the colony of German East Africa in the late 19th century?
A) Portugal
B) Britain
C) France
D) Germany
- 10. Who was the first President of Tanzania?
A) Yoweri Museveni
B) Mwai Kibaki
C) Julius Nyerere
D) Jomo Kenyatta
- 11. The Swahili language is a blend of Bantu languages and which other language?
A) French
B) English
C) Arabic
D) Spanish
- 12. What was the political ideology of Julius Nyerere, the first President of Tanzania?
A) Ujamaa
B) Apartheid
C) Communism
D) Capitalism
- 13. Who was the leader of Mozambique's independence movement and its first President?
A) Samora Machel
B) Robert Mugabe
C) Idi Amin
D) Nelson Mandela
- 14. In what year did Kenya gain independence from British colonial rule?
A) 1970
B) 1963
C) 1985
D) 1956
- 15. What was the capital of the Sultanate of Zanzibar?
A) Lamu
B) Mombasa
C) Dar es Salaam
D) Zanzibar City
- 16. Who succeeded Idi Amin as President of Uganda?
A) Yoweri Museveni
B) Julius Nyerere
C) Yusuf Lule
D) Milton Obote
- 17. Which country did Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania form in 1967, which later disbanded?
A) East African Community
B) African Union
C) Commonwealth of Nations
D) Organization of African Unity
- 18. What architectural wonder is located in Lalibela, Ethiopia?
A) Rock-Hewn Churches
B) Timbuktu Mosque
C) Pyramids
D) Great Zimbabwe
- 19. Which European explorer reached the shores of East Africa in the late 15th century?
A) James Cook
B) Ferdinand Magellan
C) Christopher Columbus
D) Vasco da Gama
- 20. Who was the leader of the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa during the fight against apartheid?
A) Nelson Mandela
B) Haile Selassie
C) Robert Mugabe
D) Samora Machel
- 21. Who was the dictator of Uganda known for his brutal regime in the 1970s and 80s?
A) Yoweri Museveni
B) Idi Amin
C) Paul Kagame
D) Milton Obote
- 22. Which waterway connects Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean Sea?
A) Nile River
B) Zambezi River
C) Congo River
D) Limpopo River
- 23. Which city is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo?
A) Brazzaville
B) Nairobi
C) Kigali
D) Kinshasa
- 24. The Great Zimbabwe ruins are a testament to the kingdom of which people?
A) Khoikhoi
B) Zulu
C) Shona
D) Swahili
- 25. Who was the leader of the Mau Mau uprising against British colonial rule in Kenya?
A) Dedan Kimathi
B) Jomo Kenyatta
C) Mwai Kibaki
D) Wangari Maathai
- 26. Which European explorer was the first to reach Lake Victoria in the 19th century?
A) Henry Morton Stanley
B) David Livingstone
C) Richard Burton
D) John Hanning Speke
- 27. Who was the first President of Zambia after independence?
A) Rupiah Banda
B) Kenneth Kaunda
C) Frederick Chiluba
D) Hastings Banda
- 28. Which Central African country gained independence from France in 1960 under President Fulbert Youlou?
A) Democratic Republic of the Congo
B) Gabon
C) Angola
D) Republic of the Congo
- 29. Lake Turkana, formerly known as Lake Rudolf, is located in which country?
A) Tanzania
B) Uganda
C) Kenya
D) Ethiopia
- 30. Which Central African country was once a major slave-trading hub ruled by the powerful Yao tribe?
A) Malawi
B) Chad
C) Sudan
D) Rwanda
- 31. Which East African city is famous for its Swahili architecture and history as a trading hub?
A) Lamu
B) Dar es Salaam
C) Mombasa
D) Kilwa Kisiwani
- 32. Which Central African country was formerly known as the Belgian Congo?
A) Gabon
B) Democratic Republic of the Congo
C) Republic of the Congo
D) Angola
- 33. Who was the first African country to gain independence from European colonial rule?
A) Nigeria
B) South Africa
C) Ghana
D) Kenya
- 34. In what year did Tanzania officially become a union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar?
A) 1980
B) 1975
C) 1964
D) 1956
- 35. What was the capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe in the 11th century?
A) Kampala
B) Mombasa
C) Great Zimbabwe
D) Lusaka
- 36. Which city served as the headquarters of the East African Community before its collapse in 1977?
A) Kampala
B) Nairobi
C) Dodoma
D) Arusha
- 37. In which year did Sudan gain independence from British rule?
A) 1973
B) 1960
C) 1956
D) 1945
- 38. Which lake in East Africa is the second deepest freshwater lake in the world?
A) Lake Tanganyika
B) Lake Victoria
C) Lake Malawi
D) Lake Turkana
- 39. Who was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo after independence?
A) Patrice Lumumba
B) Mobutu Sese Seko
C) Julius Nyerere
D) Idi Amin
- 40. In which century did the Portuguese first establish trading ports along the East African coast?
A) 19th century
B) 15th century
C) 13th century
D) 17th century
- 41. What is the Swahili word for 'freedom'?
A) Hakuna Matata
B) Uhuru
C) Harambee
D) Safari
- 42. Who led the armed struggle for independence in Zimbabwe from British colonial rule?
A) Ian Smith
B) Samora Machel
C) Robert Mugabe
D) Nelson Mandela
- 43. Who was the leader of the failed Hutu revolution in Burundi in 1972?
A) Agathe Uwilingiyimana
B) Cyprien Ntaryamira
C) Melchior Ndadaye
D) Michel Micombero
- 44. Who was the first black African woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize?
A) Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
B) Aung San Suu Kyi
C) Wangari Maathai
D) Leymah Gbowee
- 45. What is the name of the indigenous people of Madagascar, believed to have originally come from Southeast Asia?
A) Zulu
B) Malagasy
C) Kikuyu
D) Hausa
- 46. Which European colonial power controlled present-day Kenya during the late 19th century?
A) Portugal
B) Germany
C) Britain
D) France
- 47. Which leader led the successful independence movement in Ghana, formerly known as the Gold Coast?
A) Nelson Mandela
B) Jomo Kenyatta
C) Kwame Nkrumah
D) Patrice Lumumba
- 48. Which rebellion against British colonial rule in Kenya was known for its militant tactics in the 1950s?
A) Zanzibar Revolution
B) Madhist Revolt
C) Mau Mau Uprising
D) Anglo-Zulu War
- 49. Lake Victoria, one of the African Great Lakes, is located in which East African country?
A) Angola
B) Uganda
C) Sudan
D) Mozambique
- 50. Who was the first woman to serve as president in Africa, leading Liberia in 2006?
A) Wangari Maathai
B) Joyce Banda
C) Aung San Suu Kyi
D) Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
- 51. Which city served as the colonial capital of British East Africa and is now the capital of Kenya?
A) Dar es Salaam
B) Nairobi
C) Arusha
D) Kampala
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