- 1. Haemostasiology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of blood coagulation and the prevention and treatment of bleeding disorders. It involves investigating the mechanisms that regulate blood clotting, including the balance between clot formation and clot dissolution. Understanding haemostasiology is crucial for managing conditions such as hemophilia, thrombosis, and bleeding disorders, as well as for developing effective therapies and interventions to prevent excessive bleeding or clot formation.
Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of blood clotting factors?
A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
- 2. What is the process by which a blood clot dissolves?
A) Hematopoiesis
B) Coagulation
C) Thrombosis
D) Fibrinolysis
- 3. Where are most clotting factors synthesized?
A) Pancreas
B) Liver
C) Lungs
D) Heart
- 4. Which enzyme is responsible for converting fibrinogen to fibrin during blood clot formation?
A) Thrombin
B) Plasmin
C) Prothrombin
D) Factor X
- 5. What is the term for an abnormal blood clot that forms in a blood vessel?
A) Embolism
B) Aneurysm
C) Hematoma
D) Thrombus
- 6. What factor is present in the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade but not in the extrinsic pathway?
A) Factor VII
B) Factor XII
C) Factor IX
D) Factor X
- 7. What is the term for the process of forming a stable blood clot?
A) Embolism
B) Coagulation
C) Vasodilation
D) Thrombosis
- 8. In which step of hemostasis do platelets adhere to the damaged blood vessel wall?
A) Aggregation
B) Plug formation
C) Adhesion
D) Activation
- 9. What clotting factor is deficient in individuals with Hemophilia B (Christmas disease)?
A) Factor XIII
B) Factor IX
C) Factor VIII
D) Factor V
- 10. What is the term for a blood clot that has traveled through the bloodstream and lodged in a vessel?
A) Embolus
B) Hematoma
C) Thrombus
D) Thrombophlebitis
- 11. Which anticoagulant protein binds to antithrombin III to inactivate thrombin?
A) Warfarin
B) Aspirin
C) Clopidogrel
D) Heparin
- 12. What is the name given to a hereditary disorder characterized by a prolonged bleeding time due to defective platelet function?
A) Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
B) Bernard-Soulier syndrome
C) Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
D) Glanzmann thrombasthenia
- 13. What is the normal pH range for arterial blood?
A) 7.0-7.2
B) 7.35-7.45
C) 7.5-8.0
D) 6.5-7.0
- 14. Which protein is released by activated platelets to promote vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation?
A) Thromboxane A2
B) Nitric Oxide
C) Prostacyclin
D) Platelet-activating factor
- 15. What is the process by which blood vessels constrict to reduce blood flow?
A) Hemolysis
B) Vasodilation
C) Thrombosis
D) Vasoconstriction
- 16. Which condition is characterized by the presence of multiple blood clots throughout the body?
A) Deep Vein Thrombosis
B) Pulmonary Embolism
C) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
D) Bleeding Disorder
- 17. What is the term for the process by which a blood clot grows and strengthens?
A) Fibrinolysis
B) Clot retraction
C) Plasminogen activation
D) Coagulation
- 18. What is the term for a substance that prevents blood clot formation?
A) Hemostatic
B) Anticoagulant
C) Thrombolytic
D) Procoagulant
- 19. Which type of hemostasis primarily involves the formation of a platelet plug?
A) Tertiary hemostasis
B) Primary hemostasis
C) Secondary hemostasis
D) Quaternary hemostasis
- 20. In hemostasis, what is the process by which platelets change shape, become sticky, and adhere to the damaged blood vessel wall?
A) Activation
B) Aggregation
C) Plug formation
D) Adhesion
- 21. Which blood cells are primarily responsible for forming a blood clot during haemostasis?
A) Plasma
B) Platelets
C) White blood cells
D) Red blood cells
- 22. What is the term for a pathologic condition where blood clots form inappropriately in the blood vessels?
A) Thrombosis
B) Embolism
C) Fibrinolysis
D) Hemostasis
- 23. Which drug inhibits platelet activation and is commonly used for anticoagulation therapy?
A) Heparin
B) Clopidogrel
C) Aspirin
D) Warfarin
- 24. Which inherited bleeding disorder arises from a deficiency of von Willebrand factor?
A) Factor V Leiden
B) von Willebrand Disease
C) Hemophilia A
D) Hemophilia B
- 25. Which type of hemophilia is characterized by a deficiency in factor VIII?
A) Von Willebrand Disease
B) Hemophilia A
C) Hemophilia B
D) Hemophilia C
- 26. Which type of cells are predominantly responsible for synthesizing clotting factors in the liver?
A) Erythrocytes
B) Leukocytes
C) Hepatocytes
D) Platelets
- 27. Which substance released by platelets helps recruit more platelets to the site of injury during primary haemostasis?
A) ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)
B) NO (Nitric Oxide)
C) PGI2 (Prostacyclin)
D) ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
- 28. What is the term for a mass of clotted blood outside of a blood vessel?
A) Embolus
B) Thrombus
C) Hemangioma
D) Hematoma
- 29. Which fibrinolytic enzyme breaks down fibrin clots into soluble degradation products?
A) Factor XIII
B) Factor VIII
C) Thrombin
D) Plasmin
- 30. What is the term for spontaneous bleeding from small blood vessels or capillaries?
A) Purpura
B) Petechiae
C) Ecchymosis
D) Hematoma
- 31. What is the term for decreased platelet count in the blood?
A) Leukopenia
B) Thrombocythemia
C) Pancytopenia
D) Thrombocytopenia
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