The Philippine-American War
- 1. The Philippine-American War, which lasted from 1899 to 1902, was a significant yet often overlooked conflict that emerged from the aftermath of the Spanish-American War. Following Spain's defeat, the United States acquired the Philippines as part of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, but this acquisition sparked a fierce resistance among Filipino revolutionaries who sought independence from colonial rule. The war was characterized by a complex interplay of guerrilla warfare, shifting military strategies, and a stark cultural clash, as American forces, believing they were bringing civilization and democracy to the archipelago, faced an increasingly resilient Filipino army led by figures such as Emilio Aguinaldo. The conflict was marked by brutal tactics on both sides, including scorched earth policies and atrocities that led to significant civilian suffering. While the U.S. eventually emerged victorious and established a colonial government, the struggle for independence continued to resonate in the Philippines. The war resulted in the deaths of an estimated 200,000 Filipino civilians and thousands of American soldiers, leaving a lasting impact on Philippine society and U.S.-Philippine relations. This conflict set the stage for future movements toward Philippine sovereignty and highlights the complexities of imperialism, nationalism, and the struggle for self-determination.
When did the Philippine-American War begin?
A) 1901
B) 1898
C) 1900
D) 1899
- 2. Who was the leader of the Filipino forces during the war?
A) Juan del Pilar
B) Emilio Aguinaldo
C) Andres Bonifacio
D) Jose Rizal
- 3. Which massacre highlighted the brutality of the conflict?
A) Wounded Knee Massacre
B) My Lai Massacre
C) Sand Creek Massacre
D) Balangiga Massacre
- 4. What year did the Philippine-American War officially end?
A) 1902
B) 1901
C) 1900
D) 1903
- 5. Which American President was in office during the war?
A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) Franklin D. Roosevelt
C) William McKinley
D) Woodrow Wilson
- 6. Who wrote extensively against the war?
A) Jack London
B) Ernest Hemingway
C) Mark Twain
D) F. Scott Fitzgerald
- 7. Which U.S. legislation established civilian control in the Philippines?
A) Philippine Organic Act
B) Jones Act
C) Smith Act
D) Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act
- 8. What kind of media response accompanied the war?
A) Silent media
B) Uncritical support for U.S. policies
C) Pro-war propaganda only
D) Anti-imperialist journalism
- 9. The conflict led to the establishment of what type of government in the Philippines?
A) Colonial government
B) Federal republic
C) Indigenous republic
D) Autonomous region
- 10. Which battle is considered the first major battle of the Philippine-American War?
A) Battle of San Juan Hill
B) Battle of Caloocan
C) Battle of Tirad Pass
D) Battle of Manila
- 11. What was the name of the American General in charge of military operations?
A) Arthur MacArthur Jr.
B) Nelson Miles
C) John J. Pershing
D) William Howard Taft
- 12. Which event marked the official start of hostilities between the U.S. and the Philippines?
A) The Battle of Manila
B) The capture of Manila
C) The death of Aguinaldo
D) The signing of the Treaty of Paris
- 13. What was the fate of Aguinaldo after the war?
A) He swore allegiance to the U.S.
B) He was executed
C) He fled to Japan
D) He became governor
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