- 1. Neuro-ophthalmology is a medical subspecialty that focuses on the intricate interplay between the visual pathways and the brain. It involves the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of visual disorders that are related to the nervous system, such as optic nerve diseases, visual field defects, double vision, and abnormal eye movements. Neuro-ophthalmologists are specially trained to understand both the visual and neurological components of these complex conditions, utilizing a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies, and specialized testing to provide comprehensive care for patients with vision-related neurological disorders.
What is the most common cause of reversible vision loss in older adults?
A) Optic neuritis
B) Central retinal artery occlusion
C) Ischemic optic neuropathy
D) Macular hole
- 2. Which eye movement disorder involves uncontrolled, rhythmic eye movements?
A) Ptosis
B) Strabismus
C) Diplopia
D) Nystagmus
- 3. Which disease causes optic nerve swelling due to increased intracranial pressure?
A) Glaucoma
B) Papilledema
C) Ocular hypertension
D) Keratoconus
- 4. What is the term for the misalignment of the eyes resulting in double vision?
A) Anisocoria
B) Diplopia
C) Strabismus
D) Myopia
- 5. What is the term for inflammation of the optic nerve?
A) Optic neuritis
B) Macular degeneration
C) Retinal detachment
D) Central serous retinopathy
- 6. Which condition is characterized by gradual loss of sharp central vision?
A) Ischemic optic neuropathy
B) Central retinal artery occlusion
C) Macular degeneration
D) Retinal detachment
- 7. Which condition involves a partial or total loss of the sense of smell due to damage in the olfactory system?
A) Anosmia
B) Gustation
C) Parageusia
D) Dysgeusia
- 8. What is the term for the inability to recognize faces?
A) Achromatopsia
B) Hemianopsia
C) Dyschromatopsia
D) Prosopagnosia
- 9. Which condition involves an abnormality in the blood vessels of the retina?
A) Retinal vascular occlusion
B) Keratoconus
C) Optic nerve hypoplasia
D) Presbyopia
- 10. What is the term for central visual field loss without involving the peripheral vision?
A) Scotoma
B) Hemianopsia
C) Diplopia
D) Nyctalopia
- 11. Which condition involves inflammation of the middle layer of the eye wall?
A) Epiretinal membrane
B) Uveitis
C) Pinguecula
D) Dry eye syndrome
- 12. What is the term for the shifting or distortion of a visual image?
A) Photopsia
B) Diplopia
C) Micropsia
D) Metamorphopsia
- 13. Which disorder involves difficulty in perceiving motion?
A) Hemianopsia
B) Nyctalopia
C) Diplopia
D) Akinetopsia
- 14. Which condition involves abnormal blood vessel growth in the choroid layer of the eye?
A) Papilledema
B) Glaucoma
C) Choroidal neovascularization
D) Retinal detachment
- 15. What is the term for the misalignment of the eyes often resulting in crossed eyes?
A) Strabismus
B) Diplopia
C) Anisometropia
D) Ametropia
- 16. What is the term for the blurring of vision in one eye due to irregular shape of the cornea or lens?
A) Hyperopia
B) Astigmatism
C) Presbyopia
D) Myopia
- 17. Which condition is caused by changes in the vitreous humor resulting in vision distortions?
A) Keratoconus
B) Floaters
C) Retinal tear
D) Diabetic retinopathy
- 18. Which part of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?
A) Parietal lobe
B) Occipital lobe
C) Temporal lobe
D) Frontal lobe
- 19. Which condition involves involuntary eyelid spasms that can result in rapid blinking or forced closure of the eyelids?
A) Diplopia
B) Nystagmus
C) Blepharospasm
D) Strabismus
- 20. Which type of glaucoma is characterized by a sudden increase in intraocular pressure, leading to severe eye pain and vision loss if left untreated?
A) Primary open-angle glaucoma
B) Secondary glaucoma
C) Normal-tension glaucoma
D) Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- 21. A patient presents with temporal visual field loss in one eye. What type of defect might this suggest?
A) Scotoma
B) Quadrantanopia
C) Bitemporal hemianopia
D) Homonymous hemianopia
- 22. Which condition is associated with elevated intraocular pressure, resulting in optic nerve damage and vision loss?
A) Glaucoma
B) Retinal detachment
C) Cataracts
D) Macular degeneration
- 23. Which condition involves drooping of the upper eyelid due to weakness or paralysis of the muscles responsible for lifting the eyelid?
A) Blepharospasm
B) Nystagmus
C) Ptosis
D) Diplopia
- 24. What structure of the eye is responsible for producing aqueous humor?
A) Ciliary body
B) Cornea
C) Lens
D) Retina
- 25. What is the term for unequal size of the pupils?
A) Nystagmus
B) Strabismus
C) Diplopia
D) Anisocoria
- 26. An abnormal pupillary light reflex where the affected pupil constricts less or smaller than the normal pupil is known as?
A) Marcus Gunn pupil
B) Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)
C) Miosis
D) Argyll Robertson pupil
- 27. Which eye condition is characterized by a gradual clouding of the eye's lens?
A) Corneal ulcer
B) Macular degeneration
C) Cataract
D) Optic neuritis
- 28. Which type of eye movement allows the eyes to quickly move to a new target or object of interest?
A) Pursuit
B) Saccades
C) Vergence
D) Optokinetic
- 29. What is the most common cause of optic neuritis?
A) Multiple sclerosis
B) Cataracts
C) Diabetes
D) Glaucoma
- 30. Which test is used to assess the function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex?
A) Schirmer test
B) Head impulse test
C) Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test
D) Snellen eye chart
- 31. Which artery supplies the lateral geniculate nucleus?
A) Middle cerebral artery
B) Anterior cerebral artery
C) Posterior cerebral artery
D) Ophthalmic artery
- 32. Which condition results from vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency and can lead to bilateral ophthalmoplegia?
A) Central retinal artery occlusion
B) Wernicke encephalopathy
C) Korsakoff syndrome
D) Myasthenia gravis
- 33. Which condition involves the sudden appearance of a large floater or cobweb-like shadows in the visual field due to vitreous detachment?
A) Posterior vitreous detachment
B) Epiretinal membrane
C) Corneal ulcer
D) Retinal artery occlusion
- 34. Which therapeutic intervention can be used to alleviate papilledema due to increased intracranial pressure?
A) Antibiotics
B) Beta-blockers
C) Acetazolamide
D) Steroids
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