- 1. A man who was sleeping wakes up because he hears the smoke alarm go off in his house. Before opening the bedroom door, the man feels the door to see whether it is warm. He is assuming that heat would be transferred through the door by –
A) convection
B) conduction
C) compression
D) radiation
- 2. If 250.0 mL of a 0.96 M solution of acetic acid are diluted to 800.0 mL, what will be the approximate molarity of the final solution?
A) 0.19 M
B) 0.30 M
C) 0.24 M
D) 0.77 M
- 3. Which of the following chemical reactions will produce a precipitate?
A) ZnCl2 + Mg2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + MgCl2
B) 3KBr + AlPO4 --> K3PO4 + AlBr3
C) NH4OH + KCl --> KOH + NH4Cl
D) Na2CO3 + CaCl2 --> CaCO3 + 2NaCl
- 4. Power plants that discharge warm water into rivers have a negative effect on aquatic life. This is because the higher water temperature —
A) decreases the dissolved oxygen in the river water
B) decreases sediment solubility in the river water
C) increases the pressure of the river water
D) increases the pH value of the river water
- 5. A 0.2 g crystal of gypsum dissolves very slowly in 100 ml of water while the water is stirred. Which of these would cause the gypsum to dissolve faster?
A) Lowering the air pressure
B) Stopping the stirring
C) Decreasing the water temperature
D) Crushing the crystal
- 6. What is the molarity of a solution if 1.75 moles of KOH are dissolved in 2.5 liters of water?
A) 4.4 M
B) 1.4 M
C) 0.70 M
D) 39 M
- 7. What generalization can be made from the data in the solubility graph above?
A) Increasing the temperature of a solution increases the solubility of a solid solute.
B) The volume of a solid solute affects its solubility.
C) The volume of a solvent affects the solubility of a solid solute.
D) Increasing the mass of a solid solute decreases its solubility.
- 8. Which of the following substances would be the best conductor of electricity when dissolved in water?
A) PbCl2
B) CO2
C) KNO3
D) SiBr4
- 9. A solution which has a concentration that exceeds its predicted solubility at a certain temperature and pressure would be —
A) dilute
B) saturated
C) unsaturated
D) supersaturated
- 10. According to your solubility rules, which of the following salts is least soluble in water?
A) NH4Br
B) Hg2Cl2
C) K2CO3
D) Pb(C2H3O2)_2
- 11. A recipe calls for 210 grams of sugar to be dissolved in 0.25 liter of water. After the mixture is stirred, some sugar crystals remain in the water. What can be added to the mixture to help dissolve the remaining sugar crystals?
A) 2.0 g of sodium chloride
B) Ice cubes
C) 2.0 g of baking soda
D) Thermal energy
- 12. According to your solubility rules, which of the following salts is least soluble in water?
A) Na2CO3
B) Ca(C2H3O2)_2
C) AgBr
D) NH4Cl
- 13. According to your solubility rules, which of the following salts has the greatest solubility in water at 25°C?
A) NaClO
B) Hg2Br2
C) SrCO3
D) MgS
- 14. According to your solubility rules, which of the following salts has the greatest solubility in water at 25°C?
A) Mg3(PO4)_2
B) AgCl
C) PbSO4
D) Ca(NO3)_2
- 15. The diagram on the right shows water molecules and ions from an NaCl crystal. What is the most likely reason that each water molecule is arranged so that the oxygen part of the molecule faces a sodium ion?
A) Hydrogen atoms create repulsive forces with chloride ions.
B) Oxygen atoms form covalent bonds with sodium ions.
C) The oxygen in a water molecule contains a partial negative charge.
D) Gravity rotates the oxygen atoms to face the more-massive sodium ions.
- 16. What characteristic of water remains the same no matter what is dissolved in it?
A) The hydroxide ion concentration
B) The ability to refract light
C) The freezing temperature
D) The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen
- 17. The table above shows temperature and pressure in four containers holding the same amount of water. According to the table, in which container can the most sodium chloride be dissolved in the water?
A) Q
B) T
C) S
D) R
- 18. Fish survive through severe winters because of the property of water that allows water to -
A) precipitate vital nutrients when it freezes, increasing the food supply
B) increase in density while it freezes, dissolving more oxygen from the air
C) expand when it freezes, creating a floating and insulating layer of ice
D) form chemical bonds as it freezes, raising the water temperature below the ice.
- 19. If 80 grams of KBr were dissolved in 100 grams of water at 70oC, which of these terms would best describe the solution?
A) catalytic
B) saturated
C) unsaturated
D) supersaturated
- 20. Four aqueous solutions and their concentrations are shown in the above illustration. Which of the solutions is most likely to be the strongest conductor of electricity?
A) I
B) II
C) IV
D) III
- 21. A student learns that all of the particles within an object possess kinetic energy. Based on this fact, the student can conclude that all of the particles in the object -
A) are hotter than their surroundings
B) are in motion
C) are covalently bonded
D) contain the same atoms
- 22. Students performed a calorimetry experiment using the simple calorimeter shown above. The students performed a chemical reaction within a sample of water inside the calorimeter. They collected the data shown in the table to determine how much heat was gained by the sample of water as a result of the chemical reaction.
Based on the information in the table, approximately how much heat was released by the chemical reaction? (Assume that all of the heat gained by the water was released by the chemical reaction.)
A) -510 J
B) None of the above
C) -650 J
D) -2.9 J
- 23. The potential energy contained in the bonds between the atoms of a compound is best defined as -
A) chemical energy
B) mechanical energy
C) kinetic energy
D) nuclear energy
- 24. The temperature of the water increases by 8°C when the metal block is added. Which could cause the temperature of the water to increase by 10°C after the metal block is added?
A) Using 500 g of water
B) Adding more 20°C water
C) Adding heat to the metal block
D) Using a larger beaker
- 25. CO2(g) --> C(s) + O2(g)
Use the heat of formations found on your common assessment reference sheet to calculate the approximate change in enthalpy of this chemical reaction.
A) 196.8 kJ
B) 393.5 kJ
C) - 196.8 kJ
D) - 393.5 kJ
- 26. A sample of copper has a mass of 250 grams. If this sample absorbs 5200 joules of heat, approximately how much will its temperature change? The specific heat of copper is 0.385 J/g•oC.
A) 21 o C
B) 7.7 o C
C) 54 o C
D) 8.0 o C
- 27. The reaction shown above is —
A) a decomposition reaction
B) an endothermic reaction
C) an exothermic reaction
D) a double-replacement reaction
- 28. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of a 30.0 g block of aluminum from to 25.0 oC to 75.0 oC?
A) 0.540 J
B) 1350 J
C) 1.50 J
D) 1670 J
- 29. 2F2 (g) + 2H2O (l) --> 4HF (g) + O2 (g)
Use the heat of formations found on your common assessment reference sheet to calculate the change in enthalpy of this chemical reaction.
A) - 600.8 kJ
B) - 512.7 kJ
C) 600.8 kJ
D) 512.7 kJ
- 30. A sample of aluminum with a mass of 50.00 grams changes from an initial temperature of 13.8oC to a final temperature of 2.4oC. The specific heat of aluminum is 0.897 J/g•oC. Calculate the change in thermal energy, and state whether heat was absorbed or released.
A) Q = -1660 joules; heat was released
B) Q = -510 joules; heat was released
C) Q = +1660 joules; heat was absorbed
D) Q = +510 joules; heat was absorbed
- 31. The transfer of heat by the movement of air currents in Earth’s atmosphere is an example of —
A) conduction
B) fusion
C) convection
D) radiation
- 32. Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of photosynthesis shown above?
A) Exothermic because energy was released during the reaction
B) Endothermic because energy was released during the reaction
C) Exothermic because energy was absorbed during the reaction
D) Endothermic because energy was absorbed during the reaction
- 33. Two objects are suspended on strings 1 meter apart inside of a vacuum chamber. When the atmosphere is removed from the chamber, there is essentially no matter between the two objects, yet heat is still transferred between them. This transfer of heat must be happening primarily through the process of -
A) conduction
B) refraction
C) radiation
D) convection
- 34. Calculate the approximate change in thermal energy of a 5.00 gram sample of water that undergoes the temperature change shown above. The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g•o C.
A) -5000 J
B) -1500 J
C) 5000 J
D) 1500 J
- 35. When hot water is added to a glass beaker, the beaker quickly becomes warm as the heat is transferred from the liquid water to the solid beaker. This heat transer is happening primarily through the process of -
A) radiation
B) convection
C) conduction
D) reflection
- 36. Which of these is the best example of heat transfer by radiation?
A) Puddles of water cool a warm tile floor
B) A satellite is warmed by sunlight.
C) Butter melts on warm bread.
D) A ceiling fan cools a warm room.
- 37. When 166 joules of heat is added to 25.0 grams of a substance, its temperature increases from 50.0o C to 60.0o C. Which of the following substances found in the table of specific heats above is most likely the identity of this sample of matter?
A) Graphite
B) Glass
C) Copper
D) Water
- 38. NO (g) + NO2 (g) --> N2O (g) + O2 (g)
Use your reference table of heat of formations to calculate the change in the enthalpy for the reaction shown above.
A) + 205.48
B) + 41.38 kJ
C) - 41.38 kJ
D) - 205.48
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