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PT3: F3: Science: 1-01 Stimuli & Responses
Contributed by: Chang
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1.
Human Nervous System
cranial nerve & spinal nerve
?
Central Nervous System
?
Peripheral Nervous System
?
brain & spinal cord
?
consists of:
consists of 
2.
What is stimulus?
What is response?
hot pan
?
quickly pull hand away
?
Examples: 
3.
Chemicals in air
?
Sound
?
Pain
?
Heat
?
Cold
?
4.
Nerve impulses are electrical signals
Nerve impulses are mostly electrical signals
The sensory cell in a nerve is called 
                   neuron
or
electrical messages
impulse
?
neuron
?
5.
1. detects
2. send
3.
4. produce
interprets
?
The functions of human nervous system
impulse
?
stimulus
?
response
?
impulse
stimulus
response
impulse
impulse
brain
6.
A 
A                                is an involuntary action
An
There are 2 actions because of the response:
voluntary action
?
brain
?
reflex action
?
involuntary action
?
It cannot be controlled by a person
is the action controlled by the 
is the action that happened 
automatically
?
7.

  •             jerk 
  • ----in response to a            
  • ----or someone stamping the        .
Knees
?
Examples of reflex actions
--- an involuntary action
blow
?
leg
?
8.
9.

  • Sudden jerky withdrawal of             or leg 
  • ---when pricked by a        .

Examples of reflex actions
--- an involuntary action
pin
?
hand
?
finger withdrawal when pricked with sharp object 
is a reflex action
10.
11.
  • When         acts as a                 , 
  • ---the          of the eye changes in size.

Examples of reflex actions
--- an involuntary action
light
?
pupil
?
stimulus
?
12.
Pupil contracts or dilates with light is a reflex action
13.
  •        .
  • Coughing or              , 
  • ---because of              in the               passages.

Examples of reflex actions
--- an involuntary action
sneezing
?
irritants
?
nasal
?
14.
Sneezing is a reflex action
15. 
Receptors are groups of specialised cells. 
They detect a change in the environment (stimulus)
16. 
17.
stimulus
response
Voluntary Action
The impulse Pathways
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receptor
effector
Brain
18.
stimulus
?
response
?
Voluntary Action
The impulse Pathways
receptor
?
effector
?
Brain
?
19.
stimulus
response
Involuntary Action (Automatically)
The impulse Pathways
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receptor
effector
Spinal Cord
20.
stimulus
?
response
?
Involuntary Action (Automatically)
The impulse Pathways
Just press OK
receptor
?
effector
?
Spinal Cord
?
21. 
Human Nervous System
spinal cord
?
centre
?
reflex action
?
Brain
?
function:
to receive             
for all activities
function:
control
impulses
?
22.
Human Nervous System
to transmit              from the                     to otherparts of body
Peripheral Nervous System
function:
spinal nerve
?
spinal cord
?
impulses
?
23.
functions: to transmit                  to the other parts of the body from the 
cranial nerves
?
brain
?
impulses
?
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