- 1. a type of utilitarianism focuses on the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
A) Rule Utilitarianism
B) Rule Utilitarianism2
- 2. According to____ pleasure and pain are two "sovereign masters" that govern our actions.
A) Jeremy Bentham2
B) Jeremy Bentham
- 3. It is an ethical theory that argues for the goodness of pleasure and the determination of right behavior based on the usefulness of one's action.
A) Principle of Utility2
B) Principle of Utility
- 4. usefulness of the consequences of one's action
A) Utility2
B) Utility
- 5. consideration of everyone's happiness or by the majority. In short, greatest happiness of the greatest number of people.
A) Principle of the Greatest Number2
B) Principle of the Greatest Number
- 6. He prefer quality than quantity. People are higher intellectual beings than animals. An excessive amount of what is otherwise pleasurable might result to pain.
A) John Stuart Mill2
B) John Stuart Mill
- 7. Are all pleasures necessarily and ethically good?
A) No
B) Yes
- 8. Mental associations and reactions to an emotion that are personal and acquired through experiences.
A) Feelings2
B) Feelings
- 9. physical and instinctive
A) Emotion
B) Feelings
- 10. morally good behavior?
A) Pro social emotions
B) Social norms
- 11. such as contempt, anger, and disgust
A) Anger feelings
B) Other-blame emotions
- 12. such as guilt, shame, and embarrassment
A) Self-blame emotions.
B) Self-blame emotions
- 13. can be defined as a system of judging acts in light of an ideal or a code of conduct. (Weber & Weber, 2007) It refers to the most important code of conduct put forward by the society an accepted by the members of the society. The morality of a person is based from the society where he lives and the culture he practiced. A person can't say that one person is immoral, because they don't they have the same beliefs, tradition and culture. Morality comes from the Latin *moralis*, meaning customs or manners.
A) Morality
B) Values
- 14. have a big role in the morality of a person. Immanuel Kant argued that morality was based on reason alone and reason is the one that tells and motivates us to do it. (Lacewing & Kant, n.d.) Our reason for something is the one that pushes us to make a moral decision. Moral agents prefer to use their reason over their emotion.
A) Impartiality2
B) Impartiality
- 15. in this stage; you will identify the factors or certain issue that makes you uncomfortable.
A) State the Problem 2
B) State the Problem
- 16. At this step, it is important to address the non-ethical issues raised within the case. For example, one may need to know the legal constraints of the decision. Since it is impossible to include all facts, frequently, you have to make assumptions based on the information you have.
A) Check facts 2
B) Check facts
- 17. in this stage, you have to consider who is the affected by this decision, the consequences and any laws or professional codes to be considered.
A) Identifying relevant factors
B) Identifying relevant factors2
- 18. in this stage, try to avoid dilemma that can affect your decision making. Also, be imaginative in developing your other options especially on what you would say.
A) Develop List of Options
B) Develop List of Options
- 19. in this stage, you will identify if this option does less harm any alternative. There is also different test that you can use in this stage that will help you in making a moral decision.
A) Test options
B) Test options2
- 20. from step one to five; make a tentative choice that helps you to solve the problem with which you began.
A) Make a choice2
B) Make a choice
- 21. the last stage will allow you to assess yourself if how can you reduce the likelihood that you will need to make a similar decision again?
A) Review steps 1-6
B) Review steps 1-8
- 22. In some situation's facts might be enough to solve the case but in more complex ones it is just the first step. We want to know the available facts at hand, as well as any facts presently now known but that need to be determined.
A) GATHER THE FACTz
B) GATHER THE FACTS
- 23. The moral issues should be correctly stated in terms of competing interests. It is the conflicting interests that practically make for a moral dilemma.
A) DETERMINE THE ETHICAL ISSUEx
B) DETERMINE THE ETHICAL ISSUE
- 24. In any moral dilemma, there are sure moral values or principles that are vital to the rival positions being taken. It is very significant to recognize these principles, and in some cases, to decide whether some principles are to be weighted more heavily than others
A) IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLES THAT HAVE A BEARING ON THE CASEz
B) IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLES THAT HAVE A BEARING ON THE CASE
- 25. This step involves coming up with various alternatives courses of action as part of creative thinking included in resolving a moral dilemma.
A) LIST THE ALTERNATIVESs
B) LIST THE ALTERNATIVES
- 26. The purpose of this comparison is to determine whether there is a clear decision that can be made without further deliberation. If the clear decision is not forthcoming, then the next step in the model should be considered.
A) COMPARE THE ALTERNATIVES WITH THE PRINCIPLES
B) COMPARE THE ALTERNATIVES WITH THE PRINCIPLESn
- 27. - If the principles do not produce a clear decision, then a consideration of the consequences of the remaining available alternatives is in order. Both positive and negative consequences are to be considered
A) WEIGH THE CONSEQUENCES
B) WEIGH THE CONSEQUENCESs
- 28. Since deliberation ought not to go on forever, a decision must be made at some point.
A) MAKE A DECISION1
B) MAKE A DECISION
- 29. which intend to benefit one or more persons. Kidder (2005) described moral courage as the "quality of mind and spirit that enables one to face up to ethical dilemmas and moral wrongdoings firmly and confidently, without flinching or retreating" (p. 72).
A) Moral courage is a sub-type of pro-social behaviors,
B) Moral courage is a sub-type of pro-social behavior
- 30. In order to be_____Miller (2005) argued that the first step towards being morally courageous is to be able to recognize that there is a moral situation. It is upon this recognition that an "observer appeals to her moral intuitions, values, principles, etc."(p. 13). It is the matter of being observant and giving concern with the people around us.
A) morally courageousz
B) morally courageous
- 31. is also a subtype of pro-social behavior, helping behavior and moral courage are often similar because the victim needs some kind of help and you give assistance to the victim. Ex. bayanihan
A) Heroes
B) Helping behavior
- 32. is taking risk on behalf of one or more people, despite the possibility of dying or suffering serious physical consequences (Becker & Eagley, 2004).
A) Super hero
B) Heroism
- 33. is the intervention that criticizes uncivil and counter normative behavior (Checkroun & Brauer, 2002). Uncivil behaviors are actions which decrease the quality of life, for example; littering in the park, playing loud music in a public vehicle, shouting in a public space, etc.
A) Social control
B) Social aspects control
- 34. It will is an important component together with moral reasons and decisions. But most of the times, people failed to act morally courageous because they lacks will.
A) In moral courage
B) False
- 35. Pro-social behavior has 4 sub concepts namely; moral courage, helping behavior, social control and heroism.
A) False
B) True
- 36. Over all, moral courage differs from other pro-social behavior because of its social cost?
A) True
B) False
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