- 1. The philosophy of psychology is a branch of philosophy that explores fundamental questions about the nature of the mind, the relationship between the mind and the brain, and the ways in which we can understand and investigate mental processes. It delves into issues such as consciousness, perception, memory, emotions, and the philosophical foundations of psychological theories and practices. Philosophers of psychology examine concepts like free will, determinism, and the nature of mental causation, as well as the ethical implications of psychological research and interventions. By engaging with both philosophical and psychological perspectives, the philosophy of psychology seeks to enrich our understanding of the human mind and the complexities of mental life.
What is introspection?
A) Examining and reporting one's own conscious thoughts and feelings
B) Analyzing unconscious drives and desires
C) Manipulating external stimuli to observe behavior
D) Studying group behavior in social settings
- 2. Who introduced the concept of classical conditioning in psychology?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Carl Jung
C) Jean Piaget
D) Ivan Pavlov
- 3. Which philosopher is associated with the concept of tabula rasa?
A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B) Immanuel Kant
C) David Hume
D) John Locke
- 4. Who proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance?
A) Herbert Simon
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Leon Festinger
D) Albert Bandura
- 5. Who is known for the concept of archetypes in psychology?
A) Carl Jung
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Erik Erikson
- 6. What is the primary focus of behaviorism?
A) Unconscious desires
B) Observable behavior
C) Humanistic potential
D) Personal growth
- 7. Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Carl Rogers
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Sigmund Freud
- 8. What is the concept of self-actualization associated with?
A) Humanistic psychology
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Cognitive psychology
D) Behaviorism
- 9. What does the biopsychosocial model of psychology consider in understanding human behavior?
A) Biological, psychological, and social factors
B) Spiritual, emotional, and cognitive processes
C) Behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns
D) Physical, mental, and emotional health
- 10. Who developed the theory of cognitive development in children known as schemas?
A) Lev Vygotsky
B) Erik Erikson
C) Jean Piaget
D) John Bowlby
- 11. What is the primary focus of social psychology?
A) Unconscious motivations and desires
B) How individuals are influenced by and interact with others
C) Observable behaviors and stimuli
D) Human potential and personal growth
- 12. What is the bystander effect in social psychology?
A) Prejudice and discrimination based on social categories
B) Impact of cultural norms on social behavior
C) Tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency when others are present
D) Influence of group dynamics on decision-making
- 13. Who is known as the father of modern psychology?
A) Wilhelm Wundt
B) William James
C) Sigmund Freud
D) John Watson
- 14. In psychology, what does the term 'cognition' refer to?
A) Behavioral responses to stimuli
B) Biological functions of the brain
C) Physical movement of the body
D) The mental process of acquiring knowledge
- 15. Which term describes the tendency to seek out information that aligns with our pre-existing beliefs?
A) Social learning
B) Confirmation bias
C) Operant conditioning
D) Selective attention
- 16. According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
A) Conscious mind
B) Superego
C) Id
D) Ego
- 17. What is the term for the psychological defense mechanism where individuals attribute their undesirable traits to others?
A) Projection
B) Regression
C) Denial
D) Displacement
- 18. Who is known for the concept of the 'Hierarchy of Needs' in psychology?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Erik Erikson
C) Carl Rogers
D) Abraham Maslow
- 19. Which psychologist is associated with the concept of 'self-efficacy'?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Albert Bandura
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) B.F. Skinner
- 20. What is the term for the process of receiving and interpreting information from the environment?
A) Perception
B) Memory
C) Attention
D) Imagery
- 21. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotions?
A) Cannon-Bard theory
B) Facial feedback hypothesis
C) James-Lange theory
D) Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
- 22. Who developed the concept of 'Operant Conditioning'?
A) Erik Erikson
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) John Watson
- 23. What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?
A) False consensus effect
B) Fundamental attribution error
C) Hindsight bias
D) Self-serving bias
- 24. Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation?
A) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
B) Depression
C) Phobia
D) Schizophrenia
- 25. Psychological research has shown that people often rely on mental shortcuts called ______ to make decisions quickly.
A) Heuristics
B) Algorithms
C) Confirmation bias
D) Cognitive schemas
- 26. Which term refers to the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in the brain?
A) Memory
B) Learning
C) Cognition
D) Perception
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