- 1. The philosophy of psychology is a branch of philosophy that explores fundamental questions about the nature of the mind, the relationship between the mind and the brain, and the ways in which we can understand and investigate mental processes. It delves into issues such as consciousness, perception, memory, emotions, and the philosophical foundations of psychological theories and practices. Philosophers of psychology examine concepts like free will, determinism, and the nature of mental causation, as well as the ethical implications of psychological research and interventions. By engaging with both philosophical and psychological perspectives, the philosophy of psychology seeks to enrich our understanding of the human mind and the complexities of mental life.
What is introspection?
A) Analyzing unconscious drives and desires
B) Examining and reporting one's own conscious thoughts and feelings
C) Studying group behavior in social settings
D) Manipulating external stimuli to observe behavior
- 2. Who introduced the concept of classical conditioning in psychology?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Carl Jung
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Erik Erikson
- 3. Which philosopher is associated with the concept of tabula rasa?
A) Immanuel Kant
B) John Locke
C) David Hume
D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- 4. Who proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance?
A) B.F. Skinner
B) Leon Festinger
C) Albert Bandura
D) Herbert Simon
- 5. Who is known for the concept of archetypes in psychology?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Jung
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Erik Erikson
- 6. What is the primary focus of behaviorism?
A) Personal growth
B) Unconscious desires
C) Observable behavior
D) Humanistic potential
- 7. Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Carl Rogers
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Abraham Maslow
- 8. What is the concept of self-actualization associated with?
A) Psychoanalysis
B) Behaviorism
C) Humanistic psychology
D) Cognitive psychology
- 9. What does the biopsychosocial model of psychology consider in understanding human behavior?
A) Physical, mental, and emotional health
B) Behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns
C) Spiritual, emotional, and cognitive processes
D) Biological, psychological, and social factors
- 10. Who developed the theory of cognitive development in children known as schemas?
A) Lev Vygotsky
B) Jean Piaget
C) John Bowlby
D) Erik Erikson
- 11. What is the primary focus of social psychology?
A) Unconscious motivations and desires
B) How individuals are influenced by and interact with others
C) Human potential and personal growth
D) Observable behaviors and stimuli
- 12. What is the bystander effect in social psychology?
A) Influence of group dynamics on decision-making
B) Impact of cultural norms on social behavior
C) Tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency when others are present
D) Prejudice and discrimination based on social categories
- 13. Who is known as the father of modern psychology?
A) John Watson
B) William James
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Wilhelm Wundt
- 14. In psychology, what does the term 'cognition' refer to?
A) Physical movement of the body
B) Behavioral responses to stimuli
C) The mental process of acquiring knowledge
D) Biological functions of the brain
- 15. Which term describes the tendency to seek out information that aligns with our pre-existing beliefs?
A) Operant conditioning
B) Confirmation bias
C) Selective attention
D) Social learning
- 16. According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
A) Superego
B) Ego
C) Conscious mind
D) Id
- 17. What is the term for the psychological defense mechanism where individuals attribute their undesirable traits to others?
A) Projection
B) Regression
C) Displacement
D) Denial
- 18. Who is known for the concept of the 'Hierarchy of Needs' in psychology?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Carl Rogers
D) Erik Erikson
- 19. Which psychologist is associated with the concept of 'self-efficacy'?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Erik Erikson
C) Albert Bandura
D) B.F. Skinner
- 20. What is the term for the process of receiving and interpreting information from the environment?
A) Memory
B) Imagery
C) Attention
D) Perception
- 21. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotions?
A) James-Lange theory
B) Facial feedback hypothesis
C) Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
D) Cannon-Bard theory
- 22. Who developed the concept of 'Operant Conditioning'?
A) B.F. Skinner
B) John Watson
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Erik Erikson
- 23. What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?
A) Fundamental attribution error
B) Self-serving bias
C) False consensus effect
D) Hindsight bias
- 24. Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation?
A) Schizophrenia
B) Phobia
C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
D) Depression
- 25. Psychological research has shown that people often rely on mental shortcuts called ______ to make decisions quickly.
A) Cognitive schemas
B) Heuristics
C) Confirmation bias
D) Algorithms
- 26. Which term refers to the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in the brain?
A) Cognition
B) Learning
C) Perception
D) Memory
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