Principia Mathematica by Isaac Newton
- 1. Principia Mathematica, authored by Sir Isaac Newton and first published in 1687, stands as a monumental work in the history of science, serving as the foundation of classical mechanics. In this groundbreaking treatise, Newton meticulously outlines his laws of motion, introducing the three fundamental principles that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting upon it. Additionally, the book presents Newton's law of universal gravitation, articulating how all particles in the universe attract one another with a force proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Beyond mere theoretical exposition, Principia Mathematica is notable for its rigorous mathematical formulation, employing geometric principles and advanced calculus, which Newton developed to describe and predict the behavior of physical systems. The work not only revolutionized the understanding of motion and gravity but also laid the groundwork for subsequent scientific inquiry, profoundly influencing the fields of physics, astronomy, and mathematics. Its impact was so significant that it altered humanity's perception of the natural world, establishing a paradigm where empirical observation and mathematical description became the cornerstone of scientific endeavor.
In which year was 'Principia Mathematica' first published?
A) 1701
B) 1687
C) 1750
D) 1666
- 2. What law describes the motion of objects under the influence of gravity?
A) Hubble's Law
B) Law of Universal Gravitation
C) Ohm's Law
D) Archimedes' Principle
- 3. N stands for what physical quantity in Newton's second law?
A) Acceleration
B) Velocity
C) Mass
D) Force
- 4. How many books are in 'Principia Mathematica'?
A) Three
B) Five
C) Four
D) Two
- 5. Who is credited with formulating the laws of motion?
A) Albert Einstein
B) Isaac Newton
C) Nicolas Copernicus
D) Galileo Galilei
- 6. What is the first of Newton's laws of motion often called?
A) Law of Reaction
B) Law of Action
C) Law of Inertia
D) Law of Acceleration
- 7. Newton's law of universal gravitation states that every mass attracts another with a force that is proportional to what?
A) Their velocity
B) The angle between them
C) The sum of their distances
D) The product of their masses
- 8. What term describes the concept that an object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an external force?
A) Inertia
B) Momentum
C) Force
D) Equilibrium
- 9. Which of Galileo's ideas influenced Newton's work?
A) Quantum theory
B) The periodic table
C) The concept of inertia
D) The theory of relativity
- 10. What is the shape of planetary orbits according to Newton?
A) Ellipses
B) Spirals
C) Circles
D) Parabolas
- 11. Newton's 'Principia' laid the groundwork for which branch of physics?
A) Relativity
B) Classical mechanics
C) Quantum physics
D) Astrophysics
- 12. Newton asserted that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force proportional to their what?
A) Speed
B) Temperature
C) Volume
D) Masses
- 13. What does Newton's third law state?
A) Energy is conserved.
B) An object in motion stays in motion.
C) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
D) Force equals mass times acceleration.
- 14. Which field did 'Principia Mathematica' significantly impact?
A) History
B) Physics
C) Linguistics
D) Sociology
- 15. What phenomenon did Newton explain using his laws?
A) Light refraction
B) Tides
C) Thermodynamics
D) Electromagnetic waves
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