- 1. Cell biology is the study of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms. These tiny structures are responsible for carrying out all the processes necessary for life, such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism. Cell biology explores how cells work, how they communicate with each other, and how they are affected by their environment. Understanding cell biology is crucial for advancements in medicine, biotechnology, and many other fields of science.
Which organelle is the powerhouse of the cell?
A) Mitochondria
B) Lysosome
C) Nucleus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
- 2. What is the main function of ribosomes?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Storage of water and nutrients
C) DNA replication
D) Cell division
- 3. Which type of cell lacks a nucleus?
A) Plant cell
B) Eukaryotic cell
C) Animal cell
D) Prokaryotic cell
- 4. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
A) Stores water and waste
B) Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
C) Controls cell growth and division
D) Produces ATP
- 5. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes for breaking down waste?
A) Nucleus
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Lysosome
D) Vacuole
- 6. Which structure is responsible for providing support and structure to plant cells?
A) Flagellum
B) Central vacuole
C) Chloroplast
D) Cell wall
- 7. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
A) G2 phase
B) M phase
C) S phase
D) G1 phase
- 8. Which process results in the formation of two identical daughter cells?
A) DNA replication
B) Transcription
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis
- 9. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Ribosome
D) Chloroplast
- 10. Which organelle acts as the control center of the cell and contains the genetic material?
A) Mitochondria
B) Lysosome
C) Nucleus
D) Ribosome
- 11. In which part of the cell does glycolysis take place?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Mitochondria
- 12. What process is responsible for the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
A) Active transport
B) Osmosis
C) Endocytosis
D) Diffusion
- 13. What is the role of the protein actin in the cell?
A) Involved in cell movement and structure
B) ATP production
C) Protein synthesis
D) Storage of genetic material
- 14. What is the term for the engulfment of large particles or other cells by a cell?
A) Endocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Pinocytosis
- 15. Which process is responsible for the conversion of glucose into ATP?
A) Glycolysis
B) Photosynthesis
C) Fermentation
D) Cellular respiration
- 16. What is the role of the centrioles in animal cells?
A) Regulates cell growth
B) Energy production
C) Involved in cell division, form the mitotic spindle
D) Protein synthesis
- 17. Which cellular structure is responsible for synthesizing and packaging proteins for secretion?
A) Ribosome
B) Nucleus
C) Lysosome
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
- 18. Which organelle is known as the protein factory of the cell?
A) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Nucleus
- 19. What is the genetic material found in the nucleus of a cell?
A) DNA
B) Carbohydrate
C) RNA
D) Protein
- 20. Which cell organelle is responsible for maintaining cell shape and structure?
A) Cytoskeleton
B) Cilia
C) Centriole
D) Flagella
- 21. What is the term for the controlled death of cells in multicellular organisms?
A) Apoptosis
B) Mitosis
C) Senescence
D) Necrosis
- 22. What is the term for the process by which a cell divides into four gametes?
A) Cytokinesis
B) Fertilization
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis
- 23. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
A) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
B) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
C) MicroRNA (miRNA)
D) Messenger RNA (mRNA)
- 24. What is the structure that connects the two sister chromatids in a chromosome?
A) Spindle fiber
B) Telomere
C) Centromere
D) Kinetochore
- 25. What is the fluid-filled sac that stores water, enzymes, and waste products in a cell?
A) Chloroplast
B) Nucleus
C) Vacuole
D) Mitochondria
- 26. What is the main function of the nucleus in a cell?
A) Control center containing genetic material
B) Energy production
C) Waste removal
D) Protein synthesis
- 27. What is the site of ribosome assembly in a cell?
A) Chromatin
B) Cytoplasm
C) Nucleus
D) Nucleolus
- 28. What are the hair-like structures on the surface of some cells that aid in movement?
A) Microvilli
B) Cilia
C) Pili
D) Flagella
- 29. What is the process by which cells release substances from inside to outside the cell?
A) Phagocytosis
B) Exocytosis
C) Pinocytosis
D) Endocytosis
- 30. What is the term for the liquid part of the cytoplasm?
A) Ribosome
B) Vacuole
C) Nucleus
D) Cytosol
- 31. What is the process by which a cell destroys damaged organelles?
A) Apoptosis
B) Endocytosis
C) Autophagy
D) Phagocytosis
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