- 1. The theological arguments for the existence of God and the concept of atonement can be viewed through several lenses, combining philosophical reasoning, historical context, and scriptural interpretation. Many theologians argue that the existence of God can be established through the cosmological argument, which posits that everything that begins to exist has a cause; since the universe began to exist, it must therefore have a transcendent cause, which is identified as God. Additionally, the teleological argument appeals to the complexity and order found in the universe, suggesting an intelligent designer. Atonement, on the other hand, is deeply rooted in religious texts and doctrines, particularly within Christianity, where it signifies the reconciliation between humanity and God through the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ. This concept is not only a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies but also serves as the linchpin of Christian soteriology, asserting that through Christ's atoning sacrifice, believers are granted forgiveness for their sins and restored to a right relationship with God. The interplay between these two theological constructs invites believers and skeptics alike to engage in a profound exploration of faith, reason, and the implications of divine grace in human existence.
What is the Cosmological Argument primarily concerned with?
A) Moral values
B) The existence of the universe and its cause
C) Religious texts
D) Human experience
- 2. Which philosopher is known for the moral argument for God's existence?
A) Thomas Aquinas
B) David Hume
C) Immanuel Kant
D) Friedrich Nietzsche
- 3. The ontological argument for God's existence was famously proposed by?
A) John Locke
B) René Descartes
C) Anselm of Canterbury
D) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
- 4. Which concept refers to God's self-disclosure through scripture and events?
A) Atonement
B) Revelation
C) Salvation
D) Predestination
- 5. Which theory suggests that Christ's death was a ransom payment to Satan?
A) Satisfaction theory
B) Substitutionary atonement
C) Moral influence theory
D) Ransom theory
- 6. In Christian belief, who is considered the atoning sacrifice?
A) Jesus Christ
B) The Apostles
C) John the Baptist
D) Moses
- 7. Which aspect does the Problem of Evil challenge in theistic belief?
A) The existence of an all-good, all-powerful God
B) The importance of faith
C) The resurrection of Christ
D) The authority of scripture
- 8. What is the significance of the resurrection in Christian atonement?
A) It demonstrates Jesus' teachings
B) It fulfills Old Testament prophecy
C) It serves as a moral example
D) It assures believers of eternal life
- 9. Who proposed that God could not exist if evil exists?
A) Anselm
B) Epicurus
C) Thomas Aquinas
D) Augustine of Hippo
- 10. What does 'substitutionary atonement' suggest?
A) Christ's death was merely symbolic
B) Christ died in place of sinners
C) Only good people can be saved
D) Atonement is automatic for everyone
- 11. What is a common objection to the there being many religions?
A) The existence of different scriptures
B) The diversity of rituals
C) The emphasis on belief over practice
D) The problem of conflicting truth claims
- 12. Which biblical verse is commonly cited for the basis of atonement?
A) Matthew 5:8
B) John 3:16
C) Genesis 1:1
D) Psalm 23
- 13. Which view suggests the atonement only influences moral behavior?
A) Substitutionary atonement
B) Ransom theory
C) Satisfaction theory
D) Moral influence theory
- 14. What is the primary purpose of revelation?
A) To create religious texts
B) To establish doctrine
C) To inspire moral greatness
D) To communicate God's will to humanity
- 15. The argument from contingency argues that everything depends on?
A) Natural laws
B) A random occurrence
C) Human will
D) A necessary being
- 16. Who articulated the transcendent nature of God?
A) Blaise Pascal
B) Dietrich Bonhoeffer
C) Thomas Aquinas
D) Karl Barth
- 17. What is the term for God's total involvement in creation?
A) Immanence
B) Sovereignty
C) Eternity
D) Transcendence
- 18. A key proponent of the Kalam Cosmological Argument is?
A) Sam Harris
B) William Lane Craig
C) Noam Chomsky
D) Richard Dawkins
- 19. Which theological model states God predetermined who would be saved?
A) Universalism
B) Arminianism
C) Predestination
D) Open theism
- 20. Which argument suggests that the design of the universe implies a designer?
A) Cosmological Argument.
B) Ontological Argument.
C) Moral Argument.
D) Teleological Argument.
- 21. Which concept is a key part of the Traditional Christian view of Atonement?
A) Moral exemplar theory.
B) Universalism.
C) Substitutionary atonement.
D) Purgatory.
- 22. The Teleological Argument is often summed up by which analogy?
A) The painter analogy.
B) The architect analogy.
C) The watchmaker analogy.
D) The sculptor analogy.
- 23. What is a common objection to the Teleological Argument?
A) Natural processes can explain complexity.
B) God is beyond logic.
C) Moral values are evidence of God.
D) Nothing can exist without cause.
- 24. Who introduced the concept of the 'Uncaused Cause'?
A) David Hume.
B) John Locke.
C) Aristotle.
D) René Descartes.
- 25. Which philosopher is known for arguing against the existence of a perfect God due to evil?
A) David Hume.
B) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
C) C.S. Lewis.
D) William Lane Craig.
- 26. Who is associated with the Moral Influence Theory of Atonement?
A) Augustine of Hippo
B) John Calvin
C) Martin Luther
D) Peter Abelard
- 27. Which type of Atonement theory emphasizes the victory over sin and death?
A) Governmental Theory
B) Christus Victor
C) Moral Influence
D) Substitutionary Atonement
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