- 1. The African National Congress (ANC) played a pivotal role in the Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa, emerging as the leading political organization that aimed to dismantle the system of racial segregation and discrimination imposed by apartheid laws from 1948 to the early 1990s. Founded in 1912, the ANC initially advocated for the rights of black South Africans through legal means and peaceful protests. However, as the brutal repression of anti-apartheid activists escalated, the ANC shifted its strategy in the early 1960s towards armed struggle, forming its military wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe, to engage in sabotage against government installations. The organization sought international support, mobilizing global opinion against apartheid, and sought assistance from sympathetic countries and movements worldwide. The anti-apartheid struggle involved numerous grassroots campaigns, strikes, and civil disobedience, supported by the sacrifices of many dedicated activists, including notable leaders like Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, and Walter Sisulu. The movement galvanized widespread protests both within South Africa and internationally, leading to economic sanctions and cultural boycotts against the apartheid regime. The tireless efforts of the ANC and its allies ultimately contributed to the dismantling of apartheid, culminating in the first democratic elections in 1994, where Nelson Mandela became South Africa's first black president, symbolizing a new era of hope and reconciliation in the nation.
What year was the African National Congress (ANC) founded?
A) 1912
B) 1961
C) 1980
D) 1944
- 2. Who was the first president of the ANC?
A) John Dube
B) Nelson Mandela
C) Oliver Tambo
D) Walter Sisulu
- 3. What was the main goal of the ANC during its formation?
A) To create a separate nation
B) To support British colonial rule
C) To establish a communist regime
D) To promote the political rights of Black South Africans
- 4. Which event marked the beginning of mass resistance against apartheid in South Africa?
A) The Sharpeville Massacre
B) The Defiance Campaign
C) The Rivonia Trial
D) The Soweto Uprising
- 5. In what year did Nelson Mandela become president of South Africa?
A) 1994
B) 1986
C) 1990
D) 1999
- 6. Which campaign did the ANC launch in 1952 to resist apartheid laws?
A) The armed struggle
B) The Freedom Charter
C) The Defiance Campaign
D) The Truth and Reconciliation Commission
- 7. What document was adopted at the Congress of the People in 1955?
A) The ANC Constitution
B) The Klaarwater Agreement
C) The South African Bill of Rights
D) The Freedom Charter
- 8. Which ANC leader was imprisoned on Robben Island for 27 years?
A) Nelson Mandela
B) Chris Hani
C) Oliver Tambo
D) Govan Mbeki
- 9. The ANC's armed wing was known as what?
A) The Red Army
B) The African People's Army
C) The Black Panthers
D) Umkhonto we Sizwe
- 10. Which prominent leader succeeded Nelson Mandela as ANC president?
A) Thabo Mbeki
B) Oliver Tambo
C) Kgalema Motlanthe
D) Jacob Zuma
- 11. The ANC was banned for the first time in what year?
A) 1952
B) 1962
C) 1960
D) 1948
- 12. What strategy did the ANC adopt after the Sharpeville Massacre?
A) National isolation
B) Armed struggle
C) Collaboration with the government
D) Increased peaceful protests
- 13. What was the main purpose of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission?
A) To punish offenders
B) To establish new laws
C) To address past human rights abuses
D) To promote international relations
- 14. When was Nelson Mandela sentenced to life imprisonment?
A) 1982
B) 1964
C) 1962
D) 1976
- 15. Which event in 1976 marked a significant uprising against apartheid?
A) Sharpeville Massacre
B) Bantu Education Act
C) CODESA negotiations
D) Soweto Uprising
- 16. What major international action helped put pressure on the apartheid regime?
A) Cultural exchanges
B) Tourism promotions
C) Economic sanctions and divestment
D) Military support
- 17. Who was the ANC's chief negotiator in the talks to end apartheid?
A) Joe Slovo
B) Winnie Mandela
C) Thabo Mbeki
D) Cyril Ramaphosa
- 18. Who was the ANC president before Nelson Mandela?
A) Joe Slovo
B) Cyril Ramaphosa
C) Walter Sisulu
D) Oliver Tambo
- 19. Which South African city was a focal point for protests and uprisings against apartheid?
A) Soweto
B) Cape Town
C) Pretoria
D) Durban
- 20. In which decade did the anti-apartheid movement gain significant international attention?
A) 1980s
B) 1990s
C) 1960s
D) 1970s
- 21. What role did women play in the anti-apartheid movement?
A) Only involved in cultural activities
B) Limited involvement as passive supporters
C) Key activists and leaders in protests and organizations
D) Excluded from all major movements
- 22. Who was the last apartheid-era president of South Africa?
A) P.W. Botha
B) Thabo Mbeki
C) Nelson Mandela
D) F.W. de Klerk
- 23. What year was Nelson Mandela released from prison?
A) 1992
B) 1994
C) 1989
D) 1990
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