- 1. Molecular biology is a branch of biology that focuses on the study of biological processes at the molecular level, particularly the interactions between various systems within a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, and proteins. It involves the study of the structure and function of molecules essential to life, such as nucleic acids and proteins, and how they regulate various biological processes. Molecular biology plays a crucial role in understanding genetics, gene expression, cell signaling, and many other fundamental biological processes. Researchers in this field utilize a variety of techniques to investigate these molecular mechanisms, including genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics, leading to significant advancements in our understanding of life at a molecular level.
Which of the following describes the structure of DNA?
A) Double helix
B) Circular
C) Triple helix
D) Single strand
- 2. What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
A) Stabilizes the genetic information
B) Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome
C) Translates proteins into genetic code
D) Replicates DNA
A) A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
B) An enzyme in the nucleus
C) A segment of DNA that regulates gene expression
D) A protein subunit
- 4. What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
A) Connects mRNA and ribosomes
B) Stabilizes the genetic code
C) Transcribes DNA
D) Transfers amino acids to the ribosome
- 5. What is the process by which a protein is made from mRNA called?
A) Mutation
B) Transcription
C) Translation
D) Replication
- 6. Which technique is used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule?
A) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
B) Gene cloning
C) DNA sequencing
D) Gel electrophoresis
A) Small RNA molecule involved in protein synthesis
B) Circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that can replicate independently
C) Segment of chromosomal DNA
D) Large protein structure in the cell membrane
- 8. Which of the following organelles is responsible for cellular respiration?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Mitochondria
D) Nucleus
- 9. Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
A) Ligase
B) DNA polymerase
C) Topoisomerase
D) Helicase
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